Research on the temporal dynamics of /l/ production has focused primarily on mid-sagittal tongue movements. This study reports how known variations in the timing of mid-sagittal gestures are related to para-sagittal dynamics in /l/ formation in Australian English (AusE), using three-dimensional electromagnetic articulography (3D EMA). The articulatory analyses show (1) consistent with past work, the temporal lag between tongue tip and tongue body gestures identified in the mid-sagittal plane changes across different syllable positions and vowel contexts; (2) the lateral channel is largely formed by tilting the tongue to the left/right side of the oral cavity as opposed to curving the tongue within the coronal plane; and, (3) the timing of lateral channel formation relative to the tongue body gesture is consistent across syllable positions and vowel contexts, even as the temporal lag between tongue tip and tongue body gestures varies. This last result is particularly informative with respect to theoretical hypotheses regarding gestural control for /l/s, as it suggests that lateral channel formation is actively controlled as opposed to resulting as a passive consequence of tongue stretching. These results are interpreted as evidence that the formation of the lateral channel is a primary articulatory goal of /l/ production in AusE.

中文翻译：

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澳大利亚英语中主动控制舌头偏侧化的证据 /l/

对 /l/ 产生的时间动态的研究主要集中在中矢状舌运动。本研究利用三维电磁发音学 (3D EMA) 报告了已知的中矢状手势时间变化与澳大利亚英语 (AusE) 中 /l/ 形成的旁矢状动态如何相关。发音分析显示（1）与过去的工作一致，在中矢状平面中识别的舌尖和舌体姿势之间的时间滞后随着不同的音节位置和元音上下文而变化；(2)侧通道主要是通过将舌头向口腔的左/右侧倾斜而形成的，而不是在冠状平面内弯曲舌头；(3)侧向通道形成相对于舌体姿势的时间在音节位置和元音上下文中是一致的，即使舌尖和舌体姿势之间的时间滞后变化。最后一个结果对于关于 /l/s 的手势控制的理论假设特别有用，因为它表明横向通道的形成是主动控制的，而不是作为舌头伸展的被动结果。这些结果被解释为侧通道的形成是 AusE 中 /l/ 产生的主要发音目标的证据。