The global problem of the presence of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in the environment is under investigation. Despite the increase in the knowledge of its sources, fates and impacts, the assessment of risks and the derived prevention actions are limited to single cases. The predicted increasing trend in the usage of pharmaceuticals forces the various parties involved to think about comprehensive mitigation actions. There are many areas of daily human life and industrial operations where such actions should take place. Thereby, in the presented review, such actions were summarized and divided into the following groups: A. design, synthesis and production of pharmaceuticals, B. prescription, sales and waste handling, C. control of the sources with advanced technologies. As the total amount of proposed actions was found to be quite high, a ranking according to the term of effects was proposed using the pyramid of needs. The advantages of actions taken in the first steps of the pharmaceutical life cycle (acting on the upstream) over end-of-pipe actions and the application of advanced technologies (the downstream option) were discussed, with reference to expert opinions.

环境中存在人类和兽药的全球性问题正在调查中。尽管对其来源，命运和影响的了解有所增加，但对风险的评估和所采取的预防措施仅限于单个案例。预计药物使用的增长趋势将迫使有关各方考虑采取综合缓解措施。在日常生活和工业运作的许多领域中都应采取此类行动。因此，在本综述中，这些行动被总结并分为以下几类：A.药物的设计，合成和生产，B。处方，销售和废物处理，C。用先进技术控制来源。由于发现建议采取的行动总数很高，使用需求金字塔提出了根据影响条件进行排名的建议。讨论了在药品生命周期的第一步（上游）采取的措施相对于管道末端措施的优势以及先进技术的应用（下游方案）的优势，并参考了专家的意见。