Introduction: Women with family history of diabetes (FHD) are at significantly increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus which may eventually lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in later life. Objective: This study investigates the role of FHD on metabolic markers and gene polymorphisms and hence on T2DM susceptibility in nondiabetic pregnant women and the subsequent risks in their newborns. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 200 healthy (nondiabetic and normotensive) adult Asian Indian women, including 100 with and 100 without FHD, living in and around Kolkata, India. During the gestational period, they were studied twice and followed up till delivery. During delivery, both mothers’ venous blood and cord blood were collected to estimate serum CRP, glucose, and lipid profiles of the respective mothers and their newborns. Genotyping of PPARγ and TCF7L2 polymorphisms was done from these blood samples. Results: A comparison of the metabolic variables among the subjects with and without FHD revealed significant differences among them. We also found close relationship between mothers and their newborn babies in terms of both PPARγ (rs1801282) C/G and TCF7L2 (rs7903146) C/T polymorphisms. More specifically, genotyping results for mothers with FHD and their newborn babies showed high concordance in inheritance of alleles: (i) for PPARγ via the risk allele G (74.0%) which is carried over to the newborn babies (64.5%) and (ii) for TCF7L2 via the risk allele T (73.0%) which is carried over to the newborn babies (68.5%). Conclusion: This study leads to the conclusion that Asian Indian women population based in Kolkata, India, are ethnically and genetically predisposed to the risk factors of diabetes through FHD, which is reflected in their gestational phase, and it has a significant implication on their birth outcomes.
Public Health Genomics

中文翻译：

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代谢风险因素、家族史和遗传多态性（PPARγ 和 TCF7L2）对亚洲印度人群 2 型糖尿病风险的作用

简介：有糖尿病家族史 (FHD) 的女性患妊娠期糖尿病的风险显着增加，这可能最终导致晚年患上 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM)。目的：本研究调查了 FHD 对代谢标志物和基因多态性的作用，从而对非糖尿病孕妇的 T2DM 易感性及其新生儿的后续风险进行了研究。材料和方法：本研究针对居住在印度加尔各答及其周边地区的 200 名健康（非糖尿病和血压正常）成年亚裔印度女性进行，其中包括 100 名患有 FHD 和 100 名未患有 FHD。在妊娠期间，对它们进行了两次研究并随访至分娩。在分娩过程中，采集母亲的静脉血和脐带血，以估计各自母亲及其新生儿的血清 CRP、葡萄糖和血脂谱。从这些血液样本中对 PPARγ 和 TCF7L2 多态性进行基因分型。结果：比较有和没有 FHD 的受试者之间的代谢变量揭示了他们之间的显着差异。我们还发现母亲与其新生儿在 PPARγ（rs1801282）C/G 和 TCF7L2（rs7903146）C/T 多态性方面的关系密切。更具体地说，FHD 母亲及其新生儿的基因分型结果显示等位基因遗传高度一致：(i) PPARγ 通过风险等位基因 G (74.0%) 遗传给新生儿 (64.5%) 和 (ii) ) 通过风险等位基因 T (73.0%) 传递给新生婴儿 (68.5%) 的 TCF7L2。结论：本研究得出的结论是，印度加尔各答的亚裔印度女性人口在种族和遗传上都容易通过 FHD 患上糖尿病的危险因素，这反映在她们的妊娠期，并且对她们的出生结局有重要影响。
公共卫生基因组学