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Improved Microbial Water Quality Associated with Best Management Practices on Coastal Dairies and Livestock Grazing Operations
Rangeland Ecology & Management ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.rama.2021.02.011
Dylan J. Voeller , Brannon Ketcham , Benjamin H. Becker

Dairy and livestock grazing operations can introduce pollutants such as fecal coliform to surface waters, posing risk to human health and ecological conditions. Agricultural best management practices (BMPs) that increase control of manure, runoff, and animal access to waterways can reduce deposition of microbial pollution into streams. Between 2000 and 2013, we monitored water quality (fecal indicator bacteria [FIB] consisting of fecal coliform [FC] and Escherichia coli [EC]) in three coastal watersheds that encompass intensively managed dairies, beef cattle grazing operations, and public use at Point Reyes National Seashore in Marin County, California. Concurrently, approximately 30 BMPs were implemented to manage cattle and improve dairy infrastructure. We also monitored a fourth adjacent watershed without any BMPs and limited direct livestock influence. The primary FIB parameter was changed from FC to EC midway through the study in 2007, so we combined FC data from 2000 to 2006 with EC data from 2007 to 2013 using previously published EC/FC ratios and data from this study to create a continuous time series. Competing Bayesian generalized linear mixed models examined whether FIB was best explained by year, 24-h rainfall, season, or annual rainfall and compared results with numeric regulatory objectives for surface waters. FIB from 2000 to 2013 declined at all 13 water quality stations that were downstream of BMPs implemented during the study, while there was a slight positive trend in the adjacent watershed without BMPs and limited livestock influence. There was a 54−99% reduction in FIB with a sixfold increase in the frequency of samples meeting regulatory criteria over the study period, and results were robust to varying assumptions of the relationship between FC and EC. These findings indicate that targeted BMPs can effectively reduce FIB, increasing the probability of meeting water quality objectives across varying types of livestock operations.



中文翻译:

与沿海奶场和畜牧业最佳管理实践相关的改善的微生物水质

奶牛和牲畜放牧活动可能会将粪便大肠菌等污染物带入地表水,对人类健康和生态条件构成威胁。加强对粪便,径流和动物进入水道的控制的农业最佳管理实践(BMP)可以减少微生物污染向水流中的沉积。在2000年至2013年之间,我们对水质进行了监测(粪便指示菌[FIB]由粪便大肠菌群[FC]和大肠杆菌组成)[EC])在加利福尼亚马林县雷耶斯国家海岸的三个集水区,包括集约化管理的奶牛场,肉牛放牧活动和公共用途。同时,实施了大约30个BMP,以管理牲畜并改善乳品基础设施。我们还监测了第四个相邻流域,没有任何BMP和直接牲畜影响有限。在2007年的研究中途,主要的FIB参数从FC更改为EC,因此,我们使用先前发布的EC / FC比率将2000年至2006年的FC数据与2007年至2013年的EC数据结合起来,并使用该研究的数据来创建连续时间系列。竞争性贝叶斯广义线性混合模型检查了FIB是否能最好地用年,24小时降雨,季节,或年降雨量,并将结果与​​地表水的数字监管目标进行比较。在研究期间实施的BMP下游的所有13个水质站,从2000年到2013年的FIB均下降,而在没有BMP和牲畜影响有限的情况下,相邻流域的FIB呈小幅上升趋势。在研究期间,FIB降低了54-99%,符合监管标准的样本频率增加了六倍,结果对于FC和EC之间关系的各种假设都具有鲁棒性。这些发现表明,有针对性的BMP可以有效减少FIB,从而提高了在各种类型的牲畜养殖中达到水质目标的可能性。在研究期间实施的BMP下游的所有13个水质站,从2000年到2013年的FIB均下降,而在没有BMP和牲畜影响有限的情况下,相邻流域的FIB呈小幅上升趋势。在研究期间,FIB降低了54-99%,符合监管标准的样本频率增加了六倍,结果对于FC和EC之间关系的各种假设都具有鲁棒性。这些发现表明,有针对性的BMP可以有效减少FIB,从而提高了在各种类型的牲畜养殖中达到水质目标的可能性。在研究期间实施的BMP下游的所有13个水质站,从2000年到2013年的FIB均下降,而在没有BMP和牲畜影响有限的情况下,相邻流域的FIB呈小幅上升趋势。在研究期间,FIB降低了54-99%,符合监管标准的样本频率增加了六倍,结果对于FC和EC之间关系的各种假设都具有鲁棒性。这些发现表明,有针对性的BMP可以有效减少FIB,从而提高了在各种类型的牲畜养殖中达到水质目标的可能性。在研究期间,FIB降低了54-99%,符合监管标准的样本频率增加了六倍,结果对于FC和EC之间关系的各种假设都具有鲁棒性。这些发现表明,有针对性的BMP可以有效减少FIB,从而提高了在各种类型的牲畜养殖中达到水质目标的可能性。在研究期间,FIB降低了54-99%,符合监管标准的样本频率增加了六倍,结果对于FC和EC之间关系的各种假设都具有鲁棒性。这些发现表明,有针对性的BMP可以有效减少FIB,从而提高了在各种类型的牲畜养殖中达到水质目标的可能性。

更新日期:2021-03-30
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