Gut microbiota has been studied in relation to human health and disease prediction for decades. Also, immune checkpoints (ICPs) are enthusiastically investigated for anti-tumor immunotherapy. Recent studies show potential of gut microbiome and gut cytokines as biomarkers for carcinogenesis and response prediction of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response. Evidence has revealed that intestinal microorganisms play a major role in the effectiveness of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blockade. In this review, we have focused on how microbiome and microbiome-generated cytokines affect immune checkpoints. We have also described the molecular mechanisms behind this interplay and the bacterial strains that have a potential role in immunotherapy.

几十年来，人们一直在研究与人类健康和疾病预测相关的肠道微生物群。此外，免疫检查点 (ICPs) 也被热情地研究用于抗肿瘤免疫治疗。最近的研究表明，肠道微生物组和肠道细胞因子作为致癌生物标志物和免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 反应的反应预测的潜力。有证据表明，肠道微生物在程序性细胞死亡 1 (PD-1) 和细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞相关抗原 4 (CTLA-4) 阻断的有效性中起主要作用。在这篇综述中，我们专注于微生物组和微生物组产生的细胞因子如何影响免疫检查点。我们还描述了这种相互作用背后的分子机制以及在免疫治疗中具有潜在作用的菌株。