Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-30 , DOI: 10.1007/s11517-021-02344-8 Bilal Amin 1, 2 , Atif Shahzad 3, 4 , Lorenzo Crocco 5 , Mengchu Wang 5 , Martin O'Halloran 1, 2, 3 , Ana González-Suárez 1, 2 , Muhammad Adnan Elahi 1, 2
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The dielectric properties of bones are found to be influenced by the demineralisation of bones. Therefore, microwave imaging (MWI) can be used to monitor in vivo dielectric properties of human bones and hence aid in the monitoring of osteoporosis. This paper presents the feasibility analysis of the MWI device for monitoring osteoporosis. Firstly, the dielectric properties of tissues present in the human heel are analysed. Secondly, a transmission line (TL) formalism approach is adopted to examine the feasible frequency band and the matching medium for MWI of trabecular bone. Finally, simplified numerical modelling of the human heel was set to monitor the penetration of E-field, the received signal strength, and the power loss in a numerical model of the human heel. Based on the TL formalism approach, 0.6–1.9-GHz frequency band is found to feasible for bone imaging purpose. The relative permittivity of the matching medium can be chosen between 15 and 40. The average percentage difference between the received signal for feasible and inconvenient frequency band was found to be 82%. The findings based on the dielectric contrast of tissues in the heel, the feasible frequency band, and the finite difference time domain simulations support the development of an MWI prototype for monitoring osteoporosis.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
骨微波成像用于骨质疏松监测的可行性研究
发现骨骼的介电特性受骨骼脱矿质的影响。因此，微波成像 (MWI) 可用于监测人体骨骼的体内介电特性，从而有助于监测骨质疏松症。本文介绍了 MWI 设备用于监测骨质疏松症的可行性分析。首先，分析存在于人类足跟中的组织的介电特性。其次，采用传输线（TL）形式化方法来检查小梁骨MWI的可行频段和匹配介质。最后，设置了简化的人体足跟数值模型，以监测人体足跟数值模型中的电场穿透、接收信号强度和功率损耗。基于 TL 形式主义方法，0.6-1。发现 9 GHz 频段对于骨骼成像是可行的。匹配介质的相对介电常数可以在 15 到 40 之间选择。可行频段和不方便频段的接收信号之间的平均百分比差异为 82%。基于足跟组织的介电对比度、可行频带和有限差分时域模拟的研究结果支持开发用于监测骨质疏松症的 MWI 原型。
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