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Biostratigraphy, Depositional and Diagenetic Processes in Carbonate Rocks from Southern Lebanon: Impact on Porosity and Permeability
Acta Geologica Sinica-English Edition ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-30 , DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.14695
Hammad Tariq JANJUHAH 1 , Josep SANJUAN 1 , Mohammad ALQUDAH 2 , Mohamed K. SALAH 1
Affiliation  

Carbonate rocks contain prolific hydrocarbon reserves all over the world, particularly in the Middle East. For exploration and production strategies, it is essential to understand carbonate reservoirs in terms of their internal characteristics, depositional environment, relative age, diagenetic processes and impact on petrophysical properties. This study has been performed on exposed Cretaceous, Paleocene and Miocene marine carbonate sedimentary sequences in two localities (Maghdoucheh and Qennarit) near the city of Sidon (Southern Lebanon). It represents the first comprehensive study that takes into consideration the carbonate reservoir facies, diagenetic history and reservoir quality in the area. Rocks at Maghdoucheh are mainly dominated by limestone beds showing sedimentary structures and erosive bases alternating with microfossil-rich silty marls, related to a shallowing upward sequence in a restricted marine platform environment. Shells of benthic foraminifera and mollusks dominate the fossil assemblage extracted from the studied rocks. The microfossil and nannofossil assemblage detected in the Maghdoucheh sections indicates a middle Miocene age. Rocks at Qennarit are composed of mudstone/wackestone limestone beds rich in planktonic foraminifera and nannofossils related to open marine conditions. Based on the nannofossil content, rocks from Qennarit 1 and 2 are Paleocene and Cretaceous in age, respectively. Four main types of microfacies have been identified, i.e. (1) microbioclastic peloidal calcisiltite, (2) pelagic lime mudstone and wackestone with planktonic microfossils, (3) grainstone/packstone with abundant foraminifera and (4) fenestral bindstones, mudstones and packstones with porostromate microstructures. The porosity-permeability (poroperm) analysis of representative samples reveals moderate to good porosity but very low permeability. This is mainly due to the presence of large moldic pores that are isolated in nature. The diagenetic features are dominated by micritization and dissolution (both fabric selective and non-fabric selective). Among all diagenetic features, dissolution in both localities contributes to porosity enhancement, while micritization, cementation, compaction and the filled fractures have negative impacts on permeability; hence the overall reservoir quality.

中文翻译:

黎巴嫩南部碳酸盐岩的生物地层学、沉积和成岩过程:对孔隙度和渗透率的影响

碳酸盐岩在世界各地,特别是在中东地区都含有丰富的碳氢化合物储量。对于勘探和生产策略,必须从内部特征、沉积环境、相对年龄、成岩过程和对岩石物理性质的影响方面了解碳酸盐岩储层。这项研究是在西顿市(黎巴嫩南部)附近的两个地点(马格杜什和 Qennarit)对暴露的白垩纪、古新世和中新世海相碳酸盐沉积层序进行的。这是第一次综合考虑该地区碳酸盐岩储层相、成岩历史和储层质量的研究。Maghdoucheh 的岩石主要以石灰岩层为主,显示出沉积结构和侵蚀基底,与富含微化石的粉质泥灰岩交替,这与受限海洋平台环境中的浅层向上序列有关。底栖有孔虫和软体动物的壳在从研究的岩石中提取的化石组合中占主导地位。在 Maghdoucheh 剖面检测到的微化石和纳米化石组合表明中新世时代。Qennarit 的岩石由富含浮游有孔虫和与开阔海洋条件相关的纳米化石的泥岩/泥质石灰岩床组成。根据纳米化石含量,Qennarit 1 和 2 的岩石年龄分别为古新世和白垩纪。已确定四种主要类型的微相,即(1)微生物碎屑球状方解石,(2) 具有浮游微化石的远洋灰泥岩和碎屑岩,(3) 具有丰富有孔虫的颗粒岩/灰岩,以及 (4) 具有孔隙结构微结构的窗孔粘结岩、泥岩和灰岩。代表性样品的孔隙率-渗透率 (poroperm) 分析显示孔隙率中等至良好,但渗透率非常低。这主要是由于存在自然界中孤立的大霉菌孔。成岩特征主要是微晶化和溶解(织物选择性和非织物选择性)。在所有成岩特征中,两地的溶蚀作用促进孔隙度增加,而微晶化、胶结、压实和充填裂缝对渗透率有负面影响;因此,整体储层质量。(3) 具有丰富有孔虫的颗粒岩 / 灰岩和 (4) 具有孔隙结构微结构的窗孔粘结岩、泥岩和灰岩。代表性样品的孔隙率-渗透率 (poroperm) 分析显示孔隙率中等至良好,但渗透率非常低。这主要是由于存在自然界中孤立的大霉菌孔。成岩特征主要是微晶化和溶解(织物选择性和非织物选择性)。在所有成岩特征中,两地的溶蚀作用促进孔隙度增加,而微晶化、胶结、压实和充填裂缝对渗透率有负面影响;因此,整体储层质量。(3) 具有丰富有孔虫的颗粒岩 / 灰岩和 (4) 具有孔隙结构微结构的窗孔粘结岩、泥岩和灰岩。代表性样品的孔隙率-渗透率 (poroperm) 分析显示孔隙率中等至良好,但渗透率非常低。这主要是由于存在自然界中孤立的大霉菌孔。成岩特征主要是微晶化和溶解(织物选择性和非织物选择性)。在所有成岩特征中,两地的溶蚀作用促进孔隙度增加,而微晶化、胶结、压实和充填裂缝对渗透率有负面影响;因此,整体储层质量。代表性样品的孔隙率-渗透率 (poroperm) 分析显示孔隙率中等至良好,但渗透率非常低。这主要是由于存在自然界中孤立的大霉菌孔。成岩特征主要是微晶化和溶解(织物选择性和非织物选择性)。在所有成岩特征中,两地的溶蚀作用促进孔隙度增加,而微晶化、胶结、压实和充填裂缝对渗透率有负面影响;因此,整体储层质量。代表性样品的孔隙率-渗透率 (poroperm) 分析显示孔隙率中等至良好,但渗透率非常低。这主要是由于存在自然界中孤立的大霉菌孔。成岩特征主要是微晶化和溶解(织物选择性和非织物选择性)。在所有成岩特征中,两地的溶蚀作用促进孔隙度增加,而微晶化、胶结、压实和充填裂缝对渗透率有负面影响;因此,整体储层质量。成岩特征主要是微晶化和溶解(织物选择性和非织物选择性)。在所有成岩特征中,两地的溶蚀作用促进孔隙度增加,而微晶化、胶结、压实和充填裂缝对渗透率有负面影响;因此,整体储层质量。成岩特征主要是微晶化和溶解(织物选择性和非织物选择性)。在所有成岩特征中,两地的溶蚀作用促进孔隙度增加,而微晶化、胶结、压实和充填裂缝对渗透率有负面影响;因此,整体储层质量。
更新日期:2021-03-30
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