The SARS-CoV-2 crisis of 2020 triggered a number of unprecedented reactions of European states, in particular in the form of either constitutional emergency measures or statutory anti-epidemic emergency measures. Poland chose to deal with the crisis by delegating powers to the executive by ordinary legislative means and declared a nationwide state of epidemic emergency on 13 March 2020 and a week later a state of epidemic on the basis of the Act of 5 December 2008 on preventing and combating infections and infectious diseases. For a century, Poland has been dealing with epidemics by delegating powers to the executive by ordinary legislative means. Anti-epidemic emergency measures were developed under the relevant acts of 1919, 1935, 1963, 2001, 2008 and now form an autonomous normative model authorised directly by Article 68 (4) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997. The Constitution of 2 April 1997 authorises also extraordinary measures in situations of particular danger, “if ordinary constitutional measures are inadequate”. This article analyses anti-epidemic emergency regimes under Polish law in a comparative, historical and jurisprudential perspective.

在SARS2020 年的 -CoV-2 危机引发了欧洲国家的一系列前所未有的反应，特别是在宪法紧急措施或法定抗疫紧急措施方面。波兰选择通过普通立法手段将权力下放给行政部门来应对危机，并于 2020 年 3 月 13 日宣布全国进入流行病紧急状态，一周后根据 2008 年 12 月 5 日关于预防和与感染和传染病作斗争。一个世纪以来，波兰一直通过普通立法手段将权力下放给行政部门来应对流行病。抗疫应急措施是根据1919年、1935年、1963年、2001年、2008 年，现在形成由 1997 年 4 月 2 日波兰共和国宪法第 68 (4) 条直接授权的自主规范模式。 1997 年 4 月 2 日宪法还授权在特殊危险情况下采取非常措施，“如果普通宪法措施不足”。本文从比较、历史和法理的角度分析波兰法律下的抗疫紧急制度。