Unfamiliar face identification is concerningly error-prone, especially across changes in viewing conditions. Within-person variability has been shown to improve matching performance for unfamiliar faces, but this has only been demonstrated using images of a front view. In this study we test whether the advantage of within-person variability from front views extends to matching to target images of a face rotated in view. Participants completed either a simultaneous matching task (Experiment 1) or a sequential matching task (Experiment 2) in which they were tested on their ability to match the identity of a face shown in an array of either one or three ambient front-view images, with a target image shown in either front, three-quarter, or profile view. While the effect was stronger in Experiment 2, we found a consistent pattern in match trials across both experiments in that there was a multiple image matching benefit for front, three-quarter, and profile view targets. We found multiple image effects for match trials only, indicating that providing observers with multiple ambient images confers an advantage for recognising different images of the same identity but not for discriminating between images of different identities. Signal detection measures also indicate a multiple image advantage despite a more liberal response bias for multiple image trials. Our results show that within-person variability information for unfamiliar faces can be generalised across views and can provide insights into the initial processes involved in the representation of familiar faces.

不熟悉的人脸识别很容易出错，尤其是在观看条件发生变化时。人体内的变异性已被证明可以提高陌生面孔的匹配性能，但这仅通过前视图图像得到证明。在这项研究中，我们测试了前视图的人内可变性的优势是否扩展到与视图中旋转的面部目标图像的匹配。参与者完成同步匹配任务（实验 1）或顺序匹配任务（实验 2），测试他们匹配一组或三张环境前视图图像中显示的面部身份的能力，目标图像以前视图、四分之三视图或侧面视图显示。虽然实验 2 中的效果更强，但我们在两个实验的匹配试验中发现了一致的模式，即正面、四分之三和侧面视图目标具有多个图像匹配优势。我们发现仅用于匹配试验的多个图像效果，表明为观察者提供多个环境图像有利于识别同一身份的不同图像，但不能区分不同身份的图像。尽管对多图像试验有更自由的响应偏差，但信号检测测量也表明多图像优势。我们的结果表明，陌生面孔的人内变异信息可以跨视图进行概括，并且可以提供对熟悉面孔表示所涉及的初始过程的见解。