ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the characteristics and functional-demographic diversity of municipalities in Poland that use spatial data. It answers the question about the relationship between accessibility to services of general interest (SGI; public administration, child-care, educational, medical, and cultural services) in municipalities and their demographic conditions. Demographic literature devotes much space to demographic transformations in the context of their underlying causes and spatial variations and to the impact of these changes. Meanwhile, transport-focused approaches concentrate on the spatial accessibility of SGI themselves, the methods for measuring them and the various methodologies employed. This study combines these two study areas in order to present the broadest possible approach to the accessibility of SGI among communities at different stages of demographic advancement. We found that the nature of demographic processes is associated with the level of accessibility to SGI. Notably, accessibility to educational and medical services in depopulating areas is better than in ageing areas. The opposite is true for cultural services. The poorest accessibility affects those communities where the two above demographic processes overlap. There is clear variation in the accessibility of SGI: functional urban areas having the best accessibility and remote areas the worst accessibility .

摘要

本文研究了使用空间数据的波兰市政当局的特征和功能人口学多样性。它回答了有关市政当局获得普遍关注的服务（SGI；公共管理，儿童保育，教育，医疗和文化服务）与人口状况之间关系的问题。人口文学在其根本原因和空间变化以及这些变化的影响的背景下，将大量空间用于人口转变。同时，以运输为重点的方法集中在SGI本身的空间可及性，测量它们的方法以及所采用的各种方法上。这项研究结合了这两个研究领域，以提出在人口发展不同阶段的社区中，SGI可获得性的最广泛方法。我们发现人口统计过程的性质与SGI的可访问性水平相关。值得注意的是，在人口稠密地区，获得教育和医疗服务的机会比在老龄化地区更好。文化服务则相反。可访问性最差会影响上述两个人口统计过程重叠的社区。SGI的可访问性存在明显的差异：功能性城市地区的可访问性最佳，而偏远地区的可访问性最差。在人口稠密地区，获得教育和医疗服务的机会要比在老龄化地区更好。文化服务则相反。可访问性最差会影响上述两个人口统计过程重叠的社区。SGI的可访问性存在明显的差异：功能性城市地区的可访问性最佳，而偏远地区的可访问性最差。在人口稠密地区，获得教育和医疗服务的机会要比在老龄化地区更好。文化服务则相反。可访问性最差会影响上述两个人口统计过程重叠的社区。SGI的可访问性存在明显的差异：功能性城市地区的可访问性最佳，而偏远地区的可访问性最差。