A simple, green, and efficient mechanochemical approach was developed herein to prepare tunable magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles. The obtained nanoparticles were successfully used as adsorbents in a magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction method to extract three cationic dyes (i.e., thioflavine T, auramine-O, and basic orange 2) found in food samples. Our proposed approach also utilized high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Several key variables affecting the extraction recovery were investigated. These included the sample pH, amount of extractant, extraction time, sample volume, elution solvent type and volume, and the stability and reusability of the magnetic graphene oxide nanoparticles. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear at a concentration range of 0.005-1.0 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992-0.9996. Moreover, the limits of detection were determined at 0.97-1.35 μg/mL. The extraction mechanism was investigated via ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and zeta-potential analyses. The developed method was used to analyze the above-mentioned cationic dyes in bean products and yellow fish samples. Notably, satisfactory spiked recoveries ranging from 90.7 to 104.9% were achieved.

中文翻译：

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氧化石墨烯-Fe3O4的无溶剂机械化学制备及其在食品样品中非法染料的磁分散固相萃取中的应用

本文开发了一种简单、绿色和高效的机械化学方法来制备可调磁性氧化石墨烯纳米粒子。所获得的纳米颗粒成功地用作磁分散固相萃取方法中的吸附剂，以提取食品样品中发现的三种阳离子染料（即硫黄素 T、金胺-O 和碱性橙 2）。我们提出的方法还利用了具有紫外线检测功能的高效液相色谱法。研究了影响萃取回收率的几个关键变量。这些包括样品 pH 值、萃取剂用量、萃取时间、样品体积、洗脱溶剂类型和体积，以及磁性氧化石墨烯纳米颗粒的稳定性和可重复使用性。在优化条件下，校准曲线在 0.005-1 的浓度范围内呈线性。0 μg/mL，相关系数为 0.9992-0.9996。此外，检测限确定为 0.97-1.35 μg/mL。通过紫外-可见分光光度法和zeta电位分析研究了提取机制。建立的方法用于分析豆制品和黄鱼样品中的上述阳离子染料。值得注意的是，实现了 90.7% 至 104.9% 的令人满意的加标回收率。