Intraplate surface deformation is enigmatic and the underlying mechanisms responsible are not fully understood. We use thermo‐mechanical numerical modeling to explore the conditions under which lithospheric removal processes can occur and investigate the timing and amplitude of consequent surface deformation. We allow lithospheric removal to develop dynamically and self‐consistently by applying a phase transition and density jump that is hypothesized to be a consequence of metamorphic eclogitization in a thickened crust, rather than simply imposing an initial dense block. By systematically varying parameters, we test their influence and control on lithospheric removal. We confirm that a weak and dense lower crust, a hot crust‐mantle boundary, and a convergent regime are critical requirements for delamination‐style removal. We apply these results to central Mongolia, which is an ideal natural laboratory for studying intraplate surface uplift because of its high topography and location in the continental interior. We determine that the physical parameters and structure inferred in this region match the conditions for delamination. Thus, model outputs are evaluated against the available observational evidence. We find that the removal of the lithosphere by delamination can explain: the dome‐shaped topographic pattern and elevated surface; the thin lithosphere and its structure; the elevated temperature at the crust‐mantle boundary. Additionally, it is hypothesized that delamination leads to magmatism due to mantle decompression melting, consistent with intraplate volcanism. Ultimately, the results suggest that lithospheric removal by delamination is a physically plausible mechanism and a potential explanation for intraplate uplift.

中文翻译：

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岩石圈去除和表面变形的地球动力学模拟：在蒙古中部板内隆升中的应用

板内表面变形是令人费解的，并且尚未完全理解造成这种现象的潜在机理。我们使用热力学数值模型来探索岩石圈去除过程可能发生的条件，并研究随之产生的表面变形的时间和幅度。我们通过应用相变和密度跃变（假设这是增厚的地壳中变质岩化作用的结果），而不是简单地施加一个初始的致密块，来使岩石圈运动动态且自洽地发展。通过系统地改变参数，我们测试了它们对岩石圈去除的影响和控制。我们确认，薄弱且致密的下地壳，热的地壳幔边界和收敛的制度是分层式去除的关键要求。我们将这些结果应用于蒙古中部，这是研究板内表面隆升的理想自然实验室，因为它的地形高且位于大陆内部。我们确定推断出的该区域的物理参数和结构与分层条件相匹配。因此，模型输出将根据可用的观察证据进行评估。我们发现通过分层去除岩石圈可以解释：穹顶形的地形图案和升高的表面；薄岩石圈及其结构；地幔边界处的高温。另外，假设由于地幔减压融化而分层导致岩浆作用，这与板内火山作用是一致的。最终，