Molecular phylogenetics contributes to making important advances in the challenging field of earthworm taxonomy. Use of this type of analysis has enabled clarification of the phylogenetic relationships between early-branching genera of Lumbricidae within the highly diverse Franco-Iberian realm. However, molecular phylogenetic studies of the genus Zophoscolex are scarce and have led to taxonomic uncertainty due to insufficient sampling and the absence of the type species, Z. atlanticus, from such studies. The present study investigated 11 species of Zophoscolex (including Z. atlanticus), and the phylogenetic relationships were deduced from seven molecular markers (COI, COII, 16S, tRNAs, ND1, 12S, 28S) by Bayesian and maximum likelihood inference. The findings show that species of Zophoscolex did not belong to a single clade. Zophoscolex atlanticus was placed in a clade with Z. micellus, Z. graffi and Ethnodrilus zajonci. Other species of the genus were found to belong to the genera Cataladrilus and Compostelandrilus. Finally, most of the Iberian species form a distinct clade, which was formally described as the revised genus Castellodrilus. Based on these findings, Zophoscolex is restricted to French representatives. These results highlight the importance of incorporating type species in molecular phylogenetic analyses in order to reconcile taxonomy and systematics.

中文翻译：

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抱歉，大西洋，你不是我的类型：分子评估将 Zophoscolex（Lumbricidae：Crassiclitellata）分为法国和伊比利亚属

分子系统发育学有助于在蚯蚓分类学具有挑战性的领域取得重要进展。使用这种类型的分析能够澄清在高度多样化的法国-伊比利亚地区内的 Lumbricidae 早期分支属之间的系统发育关系。然而，Zophoscolex 属的分子系统发育研究很少，并且由于采样不足和此类研究中缺乏典型物种 Z. atlanticus 导致分类学不确定。本研究调查了 11 种 Zophoscolex（包括 Z. atlanticus），并通过贝叶斯和最大似然推断从 7 个分子标记（COI、COII、16S、tRNA、ND1、12S、28S）推导出系统发育关系。研究结果表明，Zophoscolex 的物种不属于单个进化枝。Zophoscolex atlanticus 与 Z.micellus、Z. graffi 和 Ethnodrilus zajonci 放在一个进化枝中。该属的其他物种被发现属于 Cataladrilus 和 Compostelandrilus 属。最后，大多数伊比利亚物种形成了一个独特的进化枝，被正式描述为修改后的 Castellodrilus 属。基于这些发现，Zophoscolex 仅限于法国代表。这些结果强调了将类型物种纳入分子系统发育分析以协调分类学和系统学的重要性。基于这些发现，Zophoscolex 仅限于法国代表。这些结果强调了将类型物种纳入分子系统发育分析以协调分类学和系统学的重要性。基于这些发现，Zophoscolex 仅限于法国代表。这些结果强调了将类型物种纳入分子系统发育分析以协调分类学和系统学的重要性。