Freezing action can significantly affect the lining capacity of shallow tunnels in soil. Thus, it is necessary to identify the failure mode of a shallow tunnel in soil subjected to frost heave. Therefore, a thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled finite element (FE) model is established and verified via a model test in the laboratory, in which the similarity ratio of the length is 25. Then, specific consideration is given to the failure mode of the lining structure. The influence of the burial depth on the temperature field and soil-lining interaction are investigated. Meanwhile, the failure mode of the lining subjected to frost heave is discussed. Generally, under the influence of freezing, the normal soil pressure of a shallower tunnel changes more dramatically than that of a deeper tunnel. For the shallower cases (burial depth ≤ 3 m in reality), the outer face of the crown and the inner face of the sidewall are at risk of tensile failure. For the deeper cases (burial depth > 3 m in reality), the outer face of the sidewall and the inner face of the crown are at risk of compression failure.

冻结作用会显着影响土壤中浅层隧道的衬砌能力。因此，有必要确定遭受冻胀的土壤中浅层隧道的破坏模式。因此，建立了热液力耦合有限元（FE）模型，并通过模型试验在实验室中进行了验证，其中长度的相似比为25。然后，专门考虑了该模型的失效模式。衬里结构。研究了埋藏深度对温度场和土-土相互作用的影响。同时，讨论了冻胀衬砌的破坏模式。通常，在冻结的影响下，较浅隧道的正常土压力变化比较深隧道的大。对于较浅的情况（实际上埋葬深度≤3 m），胎冠的外表面和侧壁的内表面有拉伸破坏的危险。对于更深的情况（实际上埋藏深度> 3 m），侧壁的外表面和胎冠的内表面有压缩失败的风险。