Many laboratory and mesocosm studies have demonstrated that earthworms influence nitrogen (N) cycling reactions and produce nitrous oxide (N₂O) in well-aerated soils, but whether earthworms can stimulate N₂O fluxes in realistic field conditions remains to be determined. We conducted two field experiments, in perennial forage agroecosystems for 2 yr and agriculture riparian buffers for 1 yr, to compare N₂O fluxes from enclosures with ambient and artificially elevated earthworm populations. Despite a short-term (< 3 month) increase in mean N₂O fluxes from the perennial forage enclosures with artificially elevated earthworm populations, this effect disappeared within 1 yr, with no significant difference (p> 0.05) in mean N₂O flux from enclosures in either field experiment. The elevated earthworm populations declined and stabilized at the same level as the ambient earthworm populations within 1–2 yr after the field experiments began. The homeostatic regulation of earthworm populations under field conditions could be due to inter- and intra-specific competition, related to limitation in the food supply and habitat preferred by earthworms. Mean N₂O fluxes in the perennial forage fields were negatively correlated with soil moisture, but not related to earthworm populations. In the riparian buffers, the average N₂O flux was negatively correlated with vegetation cover, and positively correlated with soil moisture and the size of the earthworm population at the end of the study. Our results suggest that the effects of earthworm addition on N₂O emissions in laboratory studies can not necessarily be extrapolated to field settings. Earthworm field experiments that continue in the longer-term and in a variety of ecosystems should improve our understanding of the seasonal and environmental variability in earthworm activity and N₂O production under field conditions.

许多实验室和中观宇宙的研究表明，influence会影响到良好通气的土壤中氮（N）循环反应并产生一氧化二氮（N ₂ O），但earth是否可以在实际田间条件下刺激N ₂ O通量尚待确定。我们进行了两个田间试验，在多年生饲草农业生态系统中使用了2年，在农业河岸缓冲区中使用了1年，以比较来自环境和人工earth种群的圈养区的N ₂ O通量。尽管多年生牧草种群人为增加的worm虫种群的平均N ₂ O通量短期（<3个月）增加，但这种影响在1年内消失，差异无统计学意义（p大于0.05）的任一实验中来自外壳的平均N ₂ O通量。田间试验开始后的1-2年内，earth的升高种群数量下降并稳定在与周围earth相同的水平。田间条件下worm种群的体内稳态调节可能是由于种间竞争和种内竞争所致，这与preferred对食物供应和栖息地的限制有关。多年生饲草田的平均N ₂ O通量与土壤水分呈负相关，但与earth种群无关。在河岸缓冲区中，平均N ₂在研究结束时，O通量与植被覆盖率呈负相关，与土壤水分和worm种群的大小呈正相关。我们的结果表明，在实验室研究中添加on对N ₂ O排放的影响不一定能推断到田间环境。在更长时间和各种生态系统中继续进行的field田间试验，应使我们更好地了解田间条件下earth活动和N ₂ O产生的季节性和环境变异性。