ABSTRACT

In UK forestry, the synthetic pyrethroid insecticides alpha-cypermethrin and cypermethrin have been used for many years to provide protection for young trees from damage by the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis L. However, concerns over the toxicity of these insecticides has led to a search for alternatives. In our work, applications of 0.037 g.a.i.stem^–1 acetamiprid provided high levels of protection from Hylobius browsing, comparable to alpha-cypermethrin or cypermethrin, and without causing phytotoxicity. However, re-application is likely to be required in the second growing season after planting. Our research identified that acetamiprid treated trees can be safely cold stored as part of normal nursery practice. Acetamiprid is less toxic than synthetic pyrethroids. We also found that pre-treating trees with 0.016 g.a.i.stem^–1 chlorantraniliprole, a relatively low toxicity insecticide, can be equally effective in protecting trees, and that dye markers can be safely used to help target spays. Our testing of physical barriers such as MultiPro®, and to a lesser extent Kvaae® wax, suggests they may have a role as a partial substitute for the use of insecticides in some circumstances in the UK and Ireland, but only as part of an integrated approach where on-site populations of Hylobius are predicted to be low.

摘要

在英国林业中，合成拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂 α-氯氰菊酯和氯氰菊酯已被使用多年，以保护幼树免受大型松树象鼻虫的损害。 然而，对这些杀虫剂毒性的担忧导致寻找替代品。在我们的工作中，0.037 gaistem ^–1啶虫脒的应用提供了高水平的Hylobius保护浏览，可与α-氯氰菊酯或氯氰菊酯相媲美，并且不会引起植物毒性。然而，在种植后的第二个生长季节可能需要重新施用。我们的研究表明，作为正常苗圃实践的一部分，啶虫脒处理过的树木可以安全地冷藏。啶虫脒的毒性低于合成拟除虫菊酯。我们还发现用 0.016 gaistem ^–1预处理树木氯虫苯甲酰胺是一种毒性相对较低的杀虫剂，在保护树木方面同样有效，并且可以安全地使用染料标记物来帮助瞄准虫害。我们对 MultiPro® 和 Kvaae® 蜡等物理屏障的测试表明，在英国和爱尔兰的某些情况下，它们可能可以部分替代杀虫剂的使用，但仅作为综合杀虫剂的一部分。预测 Hylobius 现场种群数量较低的方法。