Turano-Mongolian cattle are a group of taurine cattle from Northern and Eastern Asia with distinct morphological traits, which are known for their ability to tolerate harsh environments, such as the Asian steppe and the Tibetan plateau. Through the analysis of 170 mitogenomes from ten modern breeds, two sub-lineages within T3 (T3₁₁₉ and T3₀₅₅) were identified as specific of Turano-Mongolian cattle. These two T3 sub-lineages, together with the previously identified T4, were also present in six Neolithic samples, dated to ~3900 years BP, which might represent the earliest domestic taurine stocks from Southwest Asia. The rare haplogroup Q, found in three Tibetan cattle, testifies for the legacy of ancient migrations from Southwest Asia and suggests that the isolated Tibetan Plateau preserved unique prehistoric genetic resources. These findings confirm the geographic substructure of Turano-Mongolian cattle breeds, which have been shaped by ancient migrations and geographic barriers.

图拉诺蒙古牛是一群来自北亚和东亚的牛磺酸牛，具有鲜明的形态特征，以能够耐受亚洲草原和青藏高原等恶劣环境而著称。通过对来自 10 个现代品种的 170 个有丝分裂基因组的分析，T3 中的两个亚系（T3 ₁₁₉和 T3 ₀₅₅) 被确定为 Turano-Mongolian 牛特有的。这两个 T3 亚谱系，连同之前确定的 T4，也存在于六个新石器时代样本中，可追溯到距今约 3900 年，这可能代表了西南亚最早的国内牛磺酸种群。在三头藏牛中发现的罕见单倍群 Q 证明了来自西南亚的古代移民的遗产，并表明孤立的青藏高原保存了独特的史前遗传资源。这些发现证实了图拉诺-蒙古牛品种的地理亚结构，这些牛品种受到古代迁徙和地理障碍的影响。