Recently, the observation of large thermal Hall conductivities in correlated insulators with no apparent broken symmetry has generated immense interest and debates on the underlying ground states. Here, considering frustrated magnets with bond-dependent interactions, which are realized in the so-called Kitaev materials, we theoretically demonstrate that a large thermal Hall conductivity can originate from a classical ground state without any magnetic order. We discover a liquid state of magnetic vortices, which are inhomogeneous spin textures embedded in the background of polarized spins, under out-of-plane magnetic fields. In the classical regime, different configurations of vortices form an effectively degenerate manifold. We study the static and dynamical properties of the magnetic vortex liquid state at zero and finite temperatures. In particular, we show that the spin excitation spectrum resembles a continuum of nearly flat Chern bands, which ultimately leads to a large thermal Hall conductivity. Possible connections to experiments are discussed.

最近，在相关绝缘子中没有明显破坏对称性的情况下观察到较大的霍尔热导率引起了人们极大的兴趣，并引起了对基础基态的争论。在这里，考虑到在所谓的Kitaev材料中实现的具有依赖于键的相互作用的受阻磁体，我们从理论上证明了大的霍尔热导率可以源自经典的基态而没有任何磁序。我们发现了磁涡旋的液态，这是在平面外磁场下嵌入极化自旋背景中的不均匀自旋纹理。在经典状态下，不同形状的涡流形成有效退化的流形。我们研究了零和有限温度下磁涡旋液态的静态和动力学性质。特别是，我们显示自旋激发光谱类似于几乎平坦的Chern带的连续谱，最终导致大的霍尔热导率。讨论了与实验的可能联系。