Pesticides and veterinary drugs are generally employed to control pests and insects in crop and livestock farming. However, remaining residues are considered potentially hazardous to human health and the environment. Therefore, regular monitoring is required for assessing and legislation of pesticides and veterinary drugs. Various approaches to determining residues in various agricultural and animal food products have been reported. Most analytical methods involve sample extraction, purification (cleanup), and detection. Traditional sample preparation is time-consuming labor-intensive, expensive, and requires a large amount of toxic organic solvent, along with high probability for the decomposition of a compound before the analysis. Thus, modern sample preparation techniques, such as the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method, have been widely accepted in the scientific community for its versatile application; however, it still requires a laboratory setup for the extraction and purification processes, which also involves the utilization of a toxic solvent. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate recent technologies that are simple, portable, green, quick, and cost-effective for onsite and infield residue detections. Several technologies, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, quantum dots, biosensing, and miniaturized gas chromatography, are now available. Further, several onsite techniques, such as ion mobility–mass spectrometry, are now being upgraded; some of them, although unable to analyze field sample directly, can analyze a large number of compounds within very short time (such as time-of-flight and Orbitrap mass spectrometry). Thus, to stay updated with scientific advances and analyze organic contaminants effectively and safely, it is necessary to study all of the state-of-art technology.

中文翻译：

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通过最先进的技术对农药和兽药残留进行现场/现场分析：综述

农药和兽药通常用于控制农作物和畜牧业中的害虫和昆虫。然而，剩余的残留物被认为对人类健康和环境有潜在危害。因此，农药和兽药的评估和立法需要定期监测。已经报道了确定各种农业和动物食品中残留的各种方法。大多数分析方法涉及样品提取、纯化（净化）和检测。传统的样品前处理费时费力，成本高，需要大量有毒有机溶剂，分析前化合物分解的可能性大。因此，现代样品制备技术，例如快速、简单、廉价、有效、坚固且安全的方法，因其用途广泛而被科学界广泛接受；然而，它仍然需要一个用于提取和纯化过程的实验室设置，其中还涉及使用有毒溶剂。因此，阐明用于现场和场内残留检测的简单、便携、绿色、快速和具有成本效益的最新技术至关重要。现在可以使用多种技术，例如表面增强拉曼光谱、量子点、生物传感和小型化气相色谱。此外，一些现场技术，例如离子淌度-质谱法，现在正在升级；其中一些虽然无法直接分析现场样品，但可以在很短的时间内分析大量化合物（例如飞行时间和 Orbitrap 质谱）。因此，