In this paper, I examine the differences in health outcomes between children residing in poor and non-poor households. In order to identify household poverty, I make use of the framework of multidimensional poverty as introduced by Alkire and Foster (Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 2011). I follow the poverty status of children (defined as individuals aged 18 years or younger) over the period 2012- 2017, using the last three waves of the South African National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS). I find great disparities in health outcomes among children depending on the classification of the household as being poor or non-poor. In addition, children residing in households which are chronically poor (i.e. are observed to remain in poverty over time) have worse health outcomes than children residing in households which move in and out of poverty, pointing towards the negative effects of poverty traps. Finally, I rely on the previous work conducted by Wagstaff et al. (Journal of Public Health, 94(5), 726-736, 2004) to explore some of the household circumstances which may alleviate or exacerbate socio-economic child health inequalities in South Africa. These include access to the labour market, maternal education, water and sanitation, and social norms (which include the prevalence of female-headed households and the decision-making power of women in the household).

在本文中，我研究了贫困家庭和非贫困家庭的儿童在健康结局方面的差异。为了确定家庭贫困，我利用了Alkire和Foster提出的多维贫困框架（《公共经济学杂志》第95页（7-8），2011年）。我使用南非国民收入动态研究（NIDS）的最后三波追踪了2012-2017年儿童（定义为18岁以下的儿童）的贫困状况。我发现，儿童的健康状况之间存在巨大差异，具体取决于家庭是贫穷还是不贫穷的分类。此外，居住在长期贫困（即，随着时间的推移仍然处于贫困状态）的家庭中的儿童比居住在摆脱或摆脱贫困的家庭中的儿童，其健康状况较差，这说明贫困陷阱的负面影响。最后，我依靠Wagstaff等人的先前工作。（公共卫生杂志，94（5），726-736，2004）探讨了可能减轻或加剧南非社会经济儿童健康不平等现象的一些家庭情况。这些包括进入劳动力市场，产妇教育，水和卫生设施以及社会规范（包括以女性为户主的家庭的普遍性和女性在家庭中的决策权）。