Globally field application of mineral potassium (K) fertilizer has grown, followed by reduced K use efficiency (KUE) and K agronomic efficiency (KAE) which ultimately leads to environmental pollution and economic loss. The soils of Pakistan have a low K level due to a higher proportion is present in an unavailable form. The objective of the current study was to isolate efficient plant growth-promoting fungus to sustainably manage huge burden of sugar industry waste press mud into a productive biofertilizer. K from biofertilizer was then evaluated in different treatments for maize biological yield, grain yield, harvest index (HI), K uptake in different maize parts, KUE and KAE in comparison to mineral fertilizer (MF). The efficiency of treatment was measured on higher KUE and KAE. In-vitro studies revealed that A. niger PM-4 was found to solubilize phosphate (389 ug/ml) and zinc (115 ug/ml) from insoluble tri-calcium phosphate and zinc oxide, respectively, at a wider temperature and pH range. The strain was also found to inhibit the production of aflatoxins and its inoculation into press mud produced non-phytotoxic and mature biofertilizer with germination index 96.5%. Bio-augmentation of press mud with A. niger shortens maturity period with improved nutrient contents. Higher grain yield and harvest index of maize were achieved with a higher amount of incorporated K from mineral and biofertilizer T5_{(100%Org+50%MF)} than any other treatment. However, higher KUE and KAE were found in the following order: T6 > T5 > T2 > T3 > T4 > T1, demonstrating the integrated and balanced use of K from mineral and biofertilizer without threatening the environment.

在全球范围内，矿物钾（K）肥料的田间应用得到了增长，随后钾利用效率（KUE）和钾农艺效率（KAE）下降，最终导致环境污染和经济损失。巴基斯坦的土壤中K含量较低，这是因为无法利用的土壤比例较高。当前研究的目的是分离有效的植物生长促进真菌，以可持续地管理制糖工业废料压榨泥成生产性生物肥料的沉重负担。然后对生物肥料中的钾进行不同处理，以评估玉米的生物产量，谷物产量，收获指数（HI），玉米不同部位的钾吸收量，KUE和KAE与矿物肥料（MF）的比较。在较高的KUE和KAE上测量治疗效率。体外研究表明黑曲霉发现PM-4在较宽的温度和pH范围内分别从不溶性磷酸三钙和氧化锌中溶解了磷酸盐（389 ug / ml）和锌（115 ug / ml）。还发现该菌株抑制了黄曲霉毒素的产生，并将其接种到压榨泥中产生了无植物毒性的成熟生物肥料，发芽指数为96.5％。黑曲霉对生物泥的生物增强作用可以缩短成熟期，并提高营养成分。矿物和生物肥料T5 _{（100％Org + 50％MF）}中掺入的钾含量更高，从而实现了更高的玉米单产和收获指数比其他任何治疗方法都好。但是，发现较高的KUE和KAE的顺序如下：T6> T5> T2> T3> T4> T1，这说明了矿物和生物肥料中钾的综合利用和平衡利用对环境没有威胁。