The chemical and phase compositions of a ceramic material (plinth) aged more than 1,000 years that was used to construct the fortress wall were studied. Elemental analyses determined that the material had an increased carbon content of 9.50%, indicating that fuel was introduced into the raw material. This not only increased the porosity of the products but also contributed to uniform sintering of the ceramic shard and formed a glass phase up to 1000°C with an increased content of alkali oxides (R₂O > 4%).

中文翻译：

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塞萨洛尼基（希腊）城墙超过1000年的耐用陶瓷材料的相与化学成分的关系

研究了用于建造堡垒墙的1000年以上的陶瓷材料（底座）的化学和相组成。元素分析确定该材料的碳含量提高了9.50％，这表明已将燃料引入原料中。这不仅增加了产品的孔隙率，而且有助于陶瓷碎片的均匀烧结，并在高达1000°C的温度下形成了玻璃相，同时增加了碱金属氧化物的含量（R ₂ O> 4％）。