The Internet of Things (IoT) redefines the way how commodity and industrial tasks are performed every day. The integration of sensors, lightweight computation, and the proliferation of different wireless technologies on IoT platforms enable human beings to easily interact with their surrounding physical world thoroughly. With the recent rise of IoT, several different IoT platforms have been introduced for researchers and developers to ease the management and control of various IoT devices. In general, the IoT platforms act as a bridge between core IoT functionalities and users by providing APIs. Due to their wide variety of applications, IoT platforms are mostly unique in their architectures and designs. Thus, IoT administrators, developers, and researchers (i.e., IoT users) are challenged with substantial configuration differences in the proper configuration, implementation, and protection of the IoT solutions. In this survey, we conduct an in-depth analysis of popular IoT platforms from different application domains. More specifically, we define a comprehensive evaluation framework that considers seven different technical comparison criteria: (1) topology design, (2) programming languages, (3) third-party support, (4) extended protocol support, (5) event handling, (6) security, and (7) privacy. Then, we use the framework to evaluate the different IoT platforms highlighting their distinguishing attributes on communications, security, and privacy. First, we describe the communication protocols supported by the different IoT platforms surveyed. Then, rather than uncovering novel threats affecting IoT, we aim to analyze how the different IoT platforms handle security and privacy vulnerabilities affecting the most common security services of confidentiality, integrity, availability, and access control. Further, we present possible solutions that these platforms could implement to strengthen security and privacy within the IoT solution. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of every IoT platform, so IoT administrators, developers, and researchers (i.e., IoT users) can make an informed decision on the use of specific platforms to implement their IoT solutions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive survey to evaluate different IoT platforms using the criteria defined in this work.

物联网（IoT）重新定义了每天执行商品和工业任务的方式。传感器的集成，轻量级的计算以及物联网平台上各种无线技术的普及，使人们可以轻松地与周围的物理世界进行彻底交互。随着物联网的最新兴起，几种不同的物联网平台已经为研究人员和开发人员引入了缓解各种物联网设备的管理和控制的方法。通常，物联网平台通过提供API充当物联网核心功能和用户之间的桥梁。由于其广泛的应用范围，物联网平台在架构和设计上大多是独一无二的。因此，在物联网解决方案的正确配置，实施和保护方面，物联网管理员，开发人员和研究人员（即物联网用户）面临巨大的配置差异。在本次调查中，我们对来自不同应用领域的流行物联网平台进行了深入分析。更具体地说，我们定义了一个综合的评估框架，其中考虑了七个不同的技术比较标准：（1）拓扑设计，（2）编程语言，（3）第三方支持，（4）扩展协议支持，（5）事件处理，（6）安全性和（7）隐私。然后，我们使用该框架评估不同的IoT平台，突出显示它们在通信，安全性和隐私性方面的独特属性。首先，我们描述了所调查的不同物联网平台所支持的通信协议。然后，我们没有分析影响物联网的新颖威胁，而是旨在分析不同的物联网平台如何处理安全性和隐私漏洞，从而影响最常见的机密性，完整性，可用性和访问控制安全服务。此外，我们提出了这些平台可以实施的可能的解决方案，以增强IoT解决方案中的安全性和隐私性。最后，我们讨论了每种物联网平台的优缺点，因此物联网管理员，开发人员，研究人员（即物联网用户）可以就使用特定平台实施物联网解决方案做出明智的决定。据我们所知，这是首次使用这项工作中定义的标准对不同物联网平台进行评估的综合调查。