Coastal structures play a major role in protecting people and property given the increasing threat of climate-change-induced flooding. Hence, an accurate prediction of wave overtopping for each structure is required to protect both people and properties on the structure's lee side. In this study, a formula set is developed for predicting the mean wave overtopping rate for vertical and slightly battered smooth impermeable structures. The formula set is derived using available datasets of small-scale laboratory experiments and further validated using large-scale laboratory and prototype tests and field measurements. The developed formula set for vertical structures is simple, physically sound, and contains consistent functional forms for deep and shallow water conditions, making it unique among other existing formulas. More importantly, its performance based on several accuracy metrics, is superior to existing prediction methods, including over a wide range of environmental conditions and structural characteristics. Correction factors are proposed for applications to slightly battered structures, as well as obliquely attacking waves. Finally, the formula for probabilistic design is also suggested to account for safety margins in practical applications.

鉴于气候变化引发的洪水威胁越来越大，沿海结构在保护人员和财产方面发挥着重要作用。因此，需要精确预测每个结构的波浪过顶，以保护结构后侧的人员和财产。在这项研究中，开发了一个公式集，用于预测垂直和略有打击的光滑防渗结构的平均波超顶速率。该公式集是使用小型实验室实验的可用数据集导出的，并使用大型实验室和原型测试以及现场测量进行了进一步验证。为垂直结构开发的公式集简单，物理上合理，并且包含用于深水和浅水条件的一致功能形式，使其在其他现有公式中独树一帜。更重要的是，其基于多个准确度指标的性能优于现有的预测方法，包括广泛的环境条件和结构特征。提出了校正系数，适用于轻微受冲击的结构以及倾斜的冲击波。最后，还建议概率设计公式考虑实际应用中的安全裕度。