Background

Binge eating disorder (BED) often includes impulsive and compulsive behaviors related to eating behavior and food. Impulsivity and compulsivity generally may contribute to the etiology and maintenance of multiple psychiatric disorders including BED. This review aimed to identify and synthesize available behavioral studies of impulsivity and compulsivity among individuals with BED.

Method

A systematic search was performed focusing on BED and specific facets of impulsivity (rapid response and choice) and compulsivity (set-shifting, cognitive flexibility, and/or habit learning). All case-control studies comparing adults with either full-threshold or subthreshold BED to individuals with normal weight, overweight/obesity, or other eating disorders (e.g., bulimia nervosa) were included.

Results

Thirty-two studies representing 29 unique samples met inclusion criteria. Increased choice impulsivity was observed among individuals with BED relative to individuals with normal weight. There were mixed findings and/or a lack of available evidence regarding rapid response impulsivity and compulsivity. The presence of between-group differences was not dependent on sample characteristics (e.g., full or sub threshold BED diagnosis, or treatment-seeking status). Heterogeneity relating to covariates, task methodologies, and power limited conclusions.

Conclusions

Literature supports a postive association between choice impulsivity and BED. More research is needed to determine if individuals with BED demonstrate elevated levels of either rapid response impulsivity or types of compulsivity. Careful selection of covariates and consideration of task methodologies and power would aid future research.

中文翻译：

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暴食症的冲动和强迫：行为研究的系统回顾

背景

暴食症（BED）通常包括与饮食行为和食物相关的冲动和强迫行为。冲动和强迫性通常可能导致包括暴食症在内的多种精神疾病的病因和维持。本综述旨在识别和综合现有的关于暴食症患者冲动性和强迫性的行为研究。

方法

我们对 BED 以及冲动性（快速反应和选择）和强迫性（定势转换、认知灵活性和/或习惯学习）的特定方面进行了系统的搜索。所有病例对照研究均将全阈值或亚阈值 BED 成人与正常体重、超重/肥胖或其他饮食失调（例如神经性贪食症）的个体进行比较。

结果

代表 29 个独特样本的 32 项研究符合纳入标准。与体重正常的人相比，暴食症患者的选择冲动有所增加。关于快速反应冲动和强迫性的调查结果好坏参半和/或缺乏可用的证据。组间差异的存在并不依赖于样本特征（例如，完全或亚阈值 BED 诊断，或寻求治疗状态）。与协变量、任务方法和功效有限的结论相关的异质性。

结论

文献支持选择冲动与暴食症之间存在正相关关系。需要更多的研究来确定暴食症患者是否表现出较高水平的快速反应冲动或强迫类型。仔细选择协变量并考虑任务方法和功效将有助于未来的研究。