A first sounding rocket campaign dedicated to investigate the creation mechanism of Polar Mesosphere Winter Echoes (PMWE) was conducted in April 2018 from the north Norwegian Andøya Space Center (69 $\circ$N, 16 $\circ$E). Two instrumented sounding rockets were launched on 13th and 18th of April under PMWE and non-PMWE conditions, respectively. In this paper we give an overview of the PMWE sounding rocket mission. We describe and discuss some results of combined in situ and ground-based measurements which allow to verify existing PMWE theories. Our measurements ultimately show that: a) polar winter mesosphere is abounded with meteor smoke particles (MSP) and intermittent turbulent layers, b) all PMWE observed during this campaign can be explained by neutral air turbulence, c) turbulence creates small-scale structures in all D-region constituents, including free electrons; d) MSP ultimately influence the radar volume reflectivity by distorting the turbulence spectrum of electrons, e) the influence of MSP and of background electron density is just to increase SNR.

2018年4月，挪威北部安道亚航天中心（69）进行了首次探空火箭运动，致力于研究极地中层冬季回波（PMWE）的形成机制（69 $\circ$N，16 $\circ$E）。两台仪表探测火箭分别于4月13日和18日在PMWE和非PMWE条件下发射。在本文中，我们概述了PMWE探空火箭的任务。我们描述和讨论了一些结合实地和地面测量的结果，这些结果可以验证现有的PMWE理论。我们的测量结果最终表明：a）极地冬季中层充满了流星烟雾颗粒（MSP）和间歇性湍流层，b）在这次运动中观测到的所有PMWE都可以用中性空气湍流来解释，c）湍流在大气中形成了小规模的结构。所有D区成分，包括自由电子；d）MSP通过扭曲电子的湍流频谱最终影响雷达的体积反射率，e）MSP和背景电子密度的影响只是为了增加SNR。