A coupled simulation-optimization model (SOM) is developed in this work that links the US Environmental Protection Agency’s Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) with a genetic algorithm. The SOM simulates rainfall-runoff processes in urban watersheds and optimizes the implementation of drywells (DWs), bio-retention cells (BCs), and permeable pavement (PP) for stormwater control and aquifer recharge in District 6 of Tehran Municipality, Iran. Feasible DWs are selected through site inspection and considering stormwater quality criteria to prevent aquifer contamination. This study compares the current rates of urban runoff and groundwater recharge (baseline scenario) with new stormwater management strategies, which were designed based on several levels of funding. Results show the highest rate of runoff reduction and infiltration, as well as the most cost-effective options, would be achieved when DWs are added to the combination of BCs and PP for stormwater management. The runoff reduction rate in the presence of DWs would rise by 11.7, 7.0, and 6.1% in comparison to their absence for 12-, 17-, and 22-million-dollar budget levels, respectively. Implementation of BCs and PP would cause infiltration of about 235, 274, and 279 thousand m³ for the three cited budget levels, while combining DWs with BCs and PP would increase infiltration by 19, 15.6, and 14% for the three levels of investment, respectively. These results demonstrate the benefits of using local nonfunctional wells and qanats to reduce peak flows, replenish urban aquifers, and improve the economic efficiency of urban stormwater management projects.

在这项工作中开发了一个耦合的模拟优化模型（SOM），该模型将美国环境保护局的雨水管理模型（SWMM）与遗传算法联系在一起。SOM模拟了伊朗流域的降雨径流过程，并优化了伊朗德黑兰市第六区的干井（DW），生物保留单元（BC）和渗透性路面（PP）的实施，以控制雨水和蓄水层。通过现场检查并考虑雨水质量标准以防止含水层污染来选择可行的DW。这项研究将当前的城市径流量和地下水补给率（基准线情景）与新的雨水管理策略进行了比较，该策略是基于不同水平的资金而设计的。结果表明，径流减少和入渗率最高，如果将DW加入到BC和PP的组合中以进行雨水管理，则将实现最经济高效的选择。与没有预算的预算分别为12、17和2千2百万美元的情况相比，存在DW的径流减少率将分别增加11.7％，7.0和6.1％。实施BCs和PP将导致约235、274和27.9万m的渗透³为三级引用预算水平，而具有的BC组合个DW和PP将由19 15.6分别增加浸润，并为三个级别投资的14％。这些结果表明，使用当地的无功能井和卡塔纳水管可以减少高峰流量，补充城市含水层并提高城市雨水管理项目的经济效益。