Propagation and attenuation of a shock in granular materials is an attractive issue both in fundamental research and in industrial applications. There exists a complicated dynamical behavior by involving randomness, nonlinear interaction and energy dissipation. In this paper shock propagation in a channel-confined granular gas is studied numerically. The compression of the granular gas results in the formation of a dense region (DR) and the local volume fraction in this region is uniform and is independent of the initial granular volume fraction φ₀. It is also found that the dissipation of energy involves two mechanisms: the sliding friction between DR and sidewalls, and the completely inelastic collisions between shock front and undisturbed particles. A toy model is proposed based on these two mechanisms. The result of the toy model is shown qualitatively agreeable with that of our simulation.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

---

通道密闭颗粒气体中的激振压实

在基础研究和工业应用中，粒状材料中冲击的传播和衰减都是一个有吸引力的问题。通过涉及随机性，非线性相互作用和能量耗散，存在复杂的动力学行为。本文对通道受限颗粒气体中的冲击传播进行了数值研究。在密集区域（DR）并且在该区域中的局部体积分数的形成粒状气体结果的压缩是均匀的，并且独立于初始颗粒体积分数φ ₀。还发现能量耗散涉及两个机制：DR和侧壁之间的滑动摩擦，以及激波前沿和未扰动粒子之间的完全无弹性的碰撞。基于这两种机制，提出了一种玩具模型。玩具模型的结果在质量上与我们的仿真结果吻合。

图形概要