A relationship between sleep disorders and cognitive dysfunctions was reported in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), however, some studies did not confirm the link. A meta-analytic study was performed to investigate the relationship between sleep disorders and cognitive dysfunctions, and to clarify the evolution of cognitive status in PD patients with sleep disorders.

The systematic literature search was performed up to November 2020 using PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. We included studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English providing results about neuropsychological comparison between patients with or without sleep disorders. Meta-analysis on cross-sectional data included 54 studies for REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD), 22 for Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), 7 for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), 13 for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), and 5 for insomnia, the meta-analysis on longitudinal data included 7 studies.

RBD was related to deficits of global cognitive functioning, memory, executive functions, attention/working memory, language, and visuospatial abilities. EDS was associated with deficits of global cognitive functioning and attention and working memory abilities, whereas RLS and OSA were related to global cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, we revealed that PD patients with RBD and those with EDS performed worse than PD patients without sleep disorders at follow-up rather than baseline evaluation. Our results suggest that sleep disorders are associated with cognitive deficits supporting indirectly that these, especially the REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, reflect abnormalities of frontal networks and posterior cortical areas. Sleep disorders in patients with PD seem to also increase the risk for long-term cognitive decline.

帕金森病 (PD) 报告了睡眠障碍和认知功能障碍之间的关系，但是，一些研究并未证实这种联系。进行了一项荟萃分析研究，以研究睡眠障碍与认知功能障碍之间的关系，并阐明患有睡眠障碍的 PD 患者认知状态的演变。

使用 PubMed、Scopus 和 PsycINFO 数据库进行了截至 2020 年 11 月的系统文献检索。我们纳入了发表在同行评审期刊上的英文研究，这些研究提供了有关患有或不患有睡眠障碍的患者之间神经心理学比较的结果。对横断面数据的荟萃分析包括 54 项针对 REM 睡眠行为障碍 (RBD)、22 项针对白天过度嗜睡 (EDS)、7 项针对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA)、13 项针对不宁腿综合征 (RLS) 和 5 项针对失眠，纵向数据的荟萃分析包括 7 项研究。

RBD 与整体认知功能、记忆、执行功能、注意力/工作记忆、语言和视觉空间能力的缺陷有关。EDS 与整体认知功能、注意力和工作记忆能力的缺陷有关，而 RLS 和 OSA 与整体认知功能障碍有关。此外，我们发现患有 RBD 和患有 EDS 的 PD 患者在随访而不是基线评估中的表现比没有睡眠障碍的 PD 患者差。我们的研究结果表明，睡眠障碍与认知缺陷相关，间接支持这些，尤其是 REM 睡眠行为障碍，反映了额叶网络和后皮质区域的异常。PD 患者的睡眠障碍似乎也会增加长期认知能力下降的风险。