Subterranean Cultural Heritage sites are frequently subject to biological colonization due to the high levels of humidity, even in conditions of low irradiance and oligotrophy. Here microorganisms form complex communities that may be dangerous through mineral precipitation, through the softening of materials or causing frequent surface discolorations. A reduction of contamination’s sources along with the control of microclimatic conditions and biocide treatments (overall performed with benzalkonium chloride) are necessary to reduce microbial growths. Dark discolorations have been recorded in the painted Etruscan tombs of Tarquinia, two of which have been analyzed to collect taxonomical, physiological, and ecological information. Eighteen dark-pigmented fungi were isolated among a wider culturable fraction: nine from blackening areas and nine from door sealings, a possible route of contamination. Isolates belonged to three major groups: Chaetothyriales, Capnodiales (Family Cladosporiaceae), and Acremonium-like fungi. Exophiala angulospora and Cyphellophora olivacea, a novelty for hypogea, were identified, while others need further investigations as possible new taxa. The metabolic skills of the detected species showed their potential dangerousness for the materials. Their tolerance to benzalkonium chloride-based products suggested a certain favouring effect through the decreasing competitiveness of less resistant species. The type of covering of the dromos may influence the risk of outer contamination. Fungal occurrence can be favoured by root penetration.

由于高湿度，即使在低辐照度和贫营养条件下，地下文化遗产遗址也经常受到生物殖民。在这里，微生物形成复杂的群落，这些群落可能通过矿物沉淀、材料软化或导致频繁的表面变色而变得危险。减少污染源以及控制小气候条件和杀菌剂处理（总体上使用苯扎氯铵进行）对于减少微生物生长是必要的。在塔尔奎尼亚的伊特鲁里亚伊特鲁里亚墓葬中记录了深色变色，其中两个已被分析以收集分类学、生理学和生态学信息。在更广泛的可培养部分中分离出 18 种深色色素真菌：九个来自变黑区域，九个来自门密封，这是一种可能的污染途径。分离株属于三大类： Chaetothyriales、  Capnodiales (Family  Cladosporiaceae ) 和 Acremonium样真菌。 Exophiala angulospora 和 Cyphellophora olivacea是hypogea 的新物种，已被确定，而其他可能需要进一步研究作为新的分类群。检测到的物种的代谢能力表明它们对材料具有潜在的危险性。它们对基于苯扎氯铵的产品的耐受性表明，通过降低抗性较差的物种的竞争力，产生了某种有利的影响。dromos 的覆盖类型可能会影响外部污染的风险。根部穿透有利于真菌的发生。