The high rate of depletion of fossil fuels and the negative effects caused by their use in industries and combustion engines are calling for biofuels. Alternatively, plant, algae and microbes are renewable biomasses for the generation of biofuels. Choosing a suitable biomass is of great importance for biofuel generation in good quantity and quality. Recently, molecular genetics has been implemented to increase biofuel productivity by improving desirable traits in plants, algae and microbes. Here, we review biofuel feedstocks with focus on lignocellulose, algae and microbes for production of biofuels, biogas and biohydrogen. We present genetic engineering approaches. Microalgae appear as the most promising species for combined biofuel production, wastewater treatment and CO₂ fixation. Metabolic engineering can improve algal and microbial strains for the production of biofuels. Residual algal biomass can be recycled for the generation of other products.

化石燃料的高消耗率及其在工业和内燃机中的使用所带来的负面影响正在呼吁使用生物燃料。可替代地，植物，藻类和微生物是用于产生生物燃料的可再生生物质。选择合适的生物质对于产生高质量和高质量的生物燃料至关重要。最近，已经实施了分子遗传学，通过改善植物，藻类和微生物的理想性状来提高生物燃料的生产率。在这里，我们将重点介绍木质纤维素，藻类和微生物生产生物燃料，沼气和生物氢的生物燃料原料。我们介绍了基因工程方法。微藻似乎是生物燃料生产，废水处理和CO ₂结合的最有前途的物种固定。代谢工程可以改善藻类和微生物菌株的生产生物燃料。残留的藻类生物质可以回收再利用，以产生其他产品。