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Troubling heroes: Reframing the environmental justice contributions of the Flint water crisis
WIREs Water ( IF 6.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-28 , DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1524 Jennifer S Carrera 1 , Kent Key 2
WIREs Water ( IF 6.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-28 , DOI: 10.1002/wat2.1524 Jennifer S Carrera 1 , Kent Key 2
Affiliation
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While the story of the Flint water crisis has been shared widely, the popular narrative—described in multiple documentaries and as evidenced by accolades heaped upon a limited few number of actors involved with Flint—largely leaves out the broad experiences and actions of Flint residents in responding to the crisis, raising awareness, and advocating for change. Academic literature has contributed to reinforcing an abbreviated and disempowered version of the narrative where Flint residents needed rescue. In this article, we present an extended description of the Flint water crisis leading up to the water switch in April 2014, including descriptions of community mobilization efforts to call government actions into account and produce investigations that validated the concerns of the residents. We offer a review of prominent academic literature demonstrating patterns of erasure that suggest Flint residents were disempowered. In response, we offer three examples which demonstrate how Flint resident mobilizations have broad historical context, national reach, and individual actions that contradict the narrative that Flint residents lack agency and power. In our analysis, rather than viewing Flint residents as in need of rescue by science, we argue that the community mobilization in Flint is indicative of a highly successful implementation of popular epidemiology with profound effects on national conversations about lead in water, drinking water infrastructure management, and environmental justice.
中文翻译：
令人不安的英雄：重新审视弗林特水危机对环境正义的贡献
虽然弗林特水危机的故事已被广泛传播，但流行的叙述——多部纪录片中的描述以及少数参与弗林特的演员获得的赞誉证明了这一点——很大程度上忽略了弗林特居民的广泛经历和行动。应对危机、提高认识并倡导变革。学术文献有助于强化关于弗林特居民需要救援的简短且无权的叙述。在本文中，我们对导致 2014 年 4 月供水转换的弗林特水危机进行了详细描述，包括描述了社区动员努力，以考虑政府的行动并进行调查以证实居民的担忧。我们对著名的学术文献进行了回顾，这些文献展示了表明弗林特居民被剥夺权力的抹除模式。作为回应，我们提供了三个例子，展示了弗林特居民动员如何具有广泛的历史背景、全国范围和个人行动，这些行动与弗林特居民缺乏代理和权力的说法相矛盾。在我们的分析中，我们并没有将弗林特居民视为需要科学救援，而是认为弗林特的社区动员表明流行病学的实施非常成功，对全国有关水铅、饮用水基础设施管理的对话产生了深远影响和环境正义。
更新日期：2021-06-04
中文翻译：
令人不安的英雄：重新审视弗林特水危机对环境正义的贡献
虽然弗林特水危机的故事已被广泛传播，但流行的叙述——多部纪录片中的描述以及少数参与弗林特的演员获得的赞誉证明了这一点——很大程度上忽略了弗林特居民的广泛经历和行动。应对危机、提高认识并倡导变革。学术文献有助于强化关于弗林特居民需要救援的简短且无权的叙述。在本文中，我们对导致 2014 年 4 月供水转换的弗林特水危机进行了详细描述，包括描述了社区动员努力，以考虑政府的行动并进行调查以证实居民的担忧。我们对著名的学术文献进行了回顾，这些文献展示了表明弗林特居民被剥夺权力的抹除模式。作为回应，我们提供了三个例子，展示了弗林特居民动员如何具有广泛的历史背景、全国范围和个人行动，这些行动与弗林特居民缺乏代理和权力的说法相矛盾。在我们的分析中，我们并没有将弗林特居民视为需要科学救援，而是认为弗林特的社区动员表明流行病学的实施非常成功，对全国有关水铅、饮用水基础设施管理的对话产生了深远影响和环境正义。
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