This study aimed to examine the contribution of ethnic group status and social support to posttraumatic growth (PTG) among widows after sudden spousal loss. Participants included 184 widows from three ethnic groups: 59 (32.3%) Jewish, 58 (31.7%) Muslim, and 66 (36%) Druze. Information was gathered via a demographic questionnaire, PTG Inventory, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Analysis of covariance was used to test ethnic group status differences in social support, controlling for demographic variables. Hierarchical linear models were used to assess groups differences in the study outcome variables. The results showed that the PTG total score was higher for Jewish widows than for Muslim and Druze widows, with a null difference between the latter two, and social support contributed to increased PTG among Jewish widows more than among Muslim and Druze widows, with no significant association between social support and PTG among Druze widows. The highest PTG levels were observed among widows from modern individualistic cultural backgrounds, compared with traditional collectivist, cultural backgrounds after sudden spousal death. The social support system may be a pathway to enhance PTG among widows in traditional collectivist societies.

中文翻译：

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以色列犹太人、穆斯林和德鲁兹寡妇突然失去配偶后，族裔群体和社会支持对创伤后成长的贡献

本研究旨在研究族群地位和社会支持对突然失去配偶后寡妇的创伤后成长 (PTG) 的贡献。参与者包括来自三个种族的 184 名寡妇：59 (32.3%) 犹太人、58 (31.7%) 穆斯林和 66 (36%) 德鲁兹人。信息是通过人口调查问卷、PTG 量表和感知社会支持的多维量表收集的。协方差分析用于测试社会支持中种族群体地位的差异，控制人口统计学变量。分层线性模型用于评估研究结果变量的组差异。结果表明，犹太寡妇的 PTG 总分高于穆斯林寡妇和德鲁兹寡妇，后两者之间没有差异，和社会支持对犹太寡妇的 PTG 增加的贡献大于穆斯林和德鲁兹寡妇，社会支持与德鲁兹寡妇的 PTG 之间没有显着关联。与传统集体主义文化背景的配偶突然死亡相比，现代个人主义文化背景的寡妇的 PTG 水平最高。社会支持系统可能是在传统集体主义社会中增强寡妇之间 PTG 的途径。