Traction power fluctuations have economic and environmental effects on high-speed railway system (HSRS). The combination of energy storage system (ESS) and HSRS shows a promising potential for utilization of regenerative braking energy and peak shaving and valley filling. This paper studies a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for traction substation (TS) which integrates super-capacitor (SC) and vanadium redox battery (VRB). According to the characteristics of the traction load under actual operating conditions, an energy management strategy with fixed-period control (FPC) is proposed, which fully leverages the periodicity and regularity of HSRS operation. To achieve the optimal size, economic feasibility is selected as the optimization objective, which is fully assessed in terms of Net Present Value (NPV). The optimization constraints are formulated in which the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is performed for power allocation between SC and VRB. Besides, an improved mutation-based particle swarm optimization (IMBPSO) is proposed to efficiently solve the optimization and enhance convergence performance. Finally, combined with the measured traction load data, the effectiveness of the FPC energy management strategy is verified and the optimal scale of the HESS is provided.

牵引力波动会对高速铁路系统（HSRS）产生经济和环境影响。储能系统（ESS）和HSRS的结合显示了利用再生制动能量以及削峰和填谷的潜力。本文研究了一种用于牵引变电站（TS）的混合储能系统（HESS），该系统集成了超级电容器（SC）和钒氧化还原电池（VRB）。根据实际工况下的牵引负荷特点，提出了一种定周期控制的能量管理策略，该策略充分利用了HSRS运行的周期性和规律性。为了达到最佳尺寸，选择经济可行性作为优化目标，并根据净现值（NPV）进行全面评估。制定了优化约束，在其中执行离散傅立叶变换（DFT）进行SC和VRB之间的功率分配。此外，提出了一种改进的基于变异的粒子群优化算法（IMBPSO），以有效地解决该优化问题并提高收敛性能。最后，结合测得的牵引载荷数据，验证了FPC能量管理策略的有效性，并提供了HESS的最佳规模。