Commercially available smell tests are primarily used in research or in-depth clinical evaluations and are too costly and time-consuming for population surveillance in health emergencies like COVID-19. To address this need, we developed the SCENTinel 1.0 test, which rapidly evaluates 3 olfactory functions: detection, intensity, and identification. We tested whether self-administering the SCENTinel 1.0 test discriminates between individuals with self-reported smell loss and those with average smell ability (normosmic individuals) and provides performance comparable to the validated and standardized NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test in normosmic individuals. Using Bayesian linear models and prognostic classification algorithms, we compared the SCENTinel 1.0 performance of a group of self-reported anosmic individuals (N = 111, 47 ± 13 years old, F = 71%) and normosmic individuals (N = 154, 47 ± 14 years old, F = 74%) as well as individuals reporting other smell disorders (such as hyposmia or parosmia; N = 42, 55 ± 10 years old, F = 67%). Ninety-four percent of normosmic individuals met our SCENTinel 1.0 accuracy criteria compared with only 10% of anosmic individuals and 64% of individuals with other smell disorders. Overall performance on SCENTinel 1.0 predicted belonging to the normosmic group better than identification or detection alone (vs. anosmic: AUC = 0.95, specificity = 0.94). Odor intensity provided the best single-feature predictor to classify normosmic individuals. Among normosmic individuals, 92% met the accuracy criteria at both SCENTinel 1.0 and the NIH Toolbox Odor Identification Test. SCENTinel 1.0 is a practical test able to discriminate individuals with smell loss and will likely be useful in many clinical situations, including COVID-19 symptom screening.

中文翻译：

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SCENTinel 1.0：开发筛查嗅觉丧失的快速测试


市售气味测试主要用于研究或深入的临床评估，对于 COVID-19 等突发卫生事件中的人群监测来说成本过高且耗时。为了满足这一需求，我们开发了 SCENTinel 1.0 测试，它可以快速评估 3 种嗅觉功能：检测、强度和识别。我们测试了自我执行 SCENTinel 1.0 测试是否能够区分自我报告的嗅觉丧失的个体和具有平均嗅觉能力的个体（正常个体），并提供与正常个体中经过验证和标准化的 NIH Toolbox 气味识别测试相当的性能。使用贝叶斯线性模型和预后分类算法，我们比较了一组自我报告的嗅觉丧失个体（N = 111, 47 ± 13 岁，F = 71%）和正常个体（N = 154, 47 ± 13 岁）的 SCENTinel 1.0 表现。 14 岁，F = 74%）以及报告其他嗅觉障碍的个体（例如嗅觉减退或嗅觉异常；N = 42、55 ± 10 岁，F = 67%）。 94% 的嗅觉正常的个体符合我们的 SCENTinel 1.0 准确度标准，而嗅觉缺失的个体和患有其他嗅觉障碍的个体的这一比例仅为 10% 和 64%。 SCENTinel 1.0 的总体表现预测属于正常嗅觉组，优于单独识别或检测（与嗅觉丧失相比：AUC = 0.95，特异性 = 0.94）。气味强度提供了对正常个体进行分类的最佳单一特征预测因子。在嗅觉正常的个体中，92% 的人符合 SCENTinel 1.0 和 NIH Toolbox 气味识别测试的准确性标准。场景 1。0 是一项实用测试，能够区分嗅觉丧失的个体，可能在许多临床情况下有用，包括 COVID-19 症状筛查。