ABSTRACT

Both biochar (B) and vermicompost (V) can provide the soil with soluble organic matter. We evaluated the effect of B in reducing nitrate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) losses from soil via leaching together with the effect of B combined with V solution (vermiwash) in increasing the efficiency of plant nitrogen. Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were cultivated in a greenhouse with soil under three different amendments (B, V and a mix BV). B was applied at a rate of 2% w/w corresponding to 34 t ha⁻¹. V was applied at 25 mg per plant through fertigation. Leachate and soil were monitored in terms of nitrates and DOC throughout the trial (120 days), and plants and fruits were monitored in terms of nitrogen balance index (NBI) and dry matter biomass. B and BV significantly decreased NO₃^–_N content in the leachate in all recovered times by 66.8% and 71.3%, respectively. In contrast, the absence of biochar in the V treatment led to a 38.1% increase in NO₃^–_N concentration. Similar results were found for DOC content. The dry biomass of plants increased in B and BV treatments by 19.5 and 28.7%, respectively. The dry biomass of tomato fruits was enhanced by 18.5, 12.1, and 37% in V, B and BV treatments, respectively. Synergisms were found between the char material and complex organic compounds derived from the vermicompost process in terms of safeguarding the quality of the soil, the underground water, and the sustainability of crops.

摘要

生物炭 (B) 和蚯蚓堆肥 (V) 都可以为土壤提供可溶性有机物质。我们评估了 B 通过浸出减少土壤中硝酸盐和溶解有机碳 (DOC) 损失的效果，以及 B 与 V 溶液（vermiwash）相结合在提高植物氮效率方面的效果。番茄植物 ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) 在温室中种植，土壤在三种不同的改良剂 (B、V 和混合 BV) 下。B 以 2% w/w 的比例施用，对应于 34 t ha ^-1. 通过灌溉施肥，以每株植物 25 毫克的量施用 V。在整个试验期间（120 天），根据硝酸盐和 DOC 监测渗滤液和土壤，根据氮平衡指数 (NBI) 和干物质生物量监测植物和水果。B 和BV在所有回收时间显着降低了渗滤液中NO ₃ ^{–_N 的}含量，分别降低了66.8% 和71.3%。相比之下，在 V 处理中不使用 biochar 导致 NO ₃ ^–_增加了 38.1%氮浓度。对 DOC 内容也发现了类似的结果。B 和 BV 处理中植物的干生物量分别增加了 19.5% 和 28.7%。在 V、B 和 BV 处理中，番茄果实的干生物量分别提高了 18.5%、12.1% 和 37%。在保护土壤质量、地下水和作物的可持续性方面，发现炭材料与源自蚯蚓堆肥过程的复杂有机化合物之间存在协同作用。