ABSTRACT

In this article, I argue that the interpretation of Kant's a priori in Marburg neo-Kantianism involved a historiographical problem concerning the Platonic interpretation of the history of exact sciences. According to Hermann Cohen, the history of modern science supports the philosophical view initiated by Plato and revived by Kant that ‘the diversity of things has to be dissolved in differences of ideas’ and thus points to the “victory of idealism” over empiricism and materialism. I first examine how Cohen and Paul Natorp tried to confirm this epistemological thesis in their historical research on Plato and modern physics. Then I focus on Cassirer's work, which provides the most extensive realization of this historiographical programme and, I submit, clearly shows the problematic gap between the ‘Platonic’ epistemology of the Marburg school and the historical reality of physics from Galileo to the early twentieth century.

摘要

在这篇文章中，我认为对康德在马尔堡新康德主义中的先验解释涉及到一个关于精确科学史的柏拉图式解释的史学问题。在赫尔曼·科恩看来，现代科学史支持柏拉图倡导、康德复兴的哲学观点，即“事物的多样性必须溶解在观念的差异中”，从而表明“唯心主义战胜了经验主义和唯物主义”。 . 我首先考察科恩和保罗纳托普如何在他们对柏拉图和现代物理学的历史研究中试图证实这一认识论论点。然后我专注于卡西尔的工作，它提供了这个史学计划的最广泛的实现，我提交，