ABSTRACT

Journalists, across the world, are ever more at risk of surveillance from state and non-state antagonists. However, to work safely in a monitored environment is a substantial challenge for journalists. In such regimes, journalists and media organizations are often prone to attacks by the state authorities. Surveillance, no matter real or implied, the presence of state panopticon power is felt strongly by the journalists, especially in competitive authoritarian countries like Pakistan. While international organizations monitoring media freedom and journalists’ protection do regularly highlight the increasing surveillance of Pakistani journalists, it is imperative to investigate the way they experience it in their real lives and its implications for them. Thus, informed by the theoretical approaches of panopticism, post-panopticism and competitive authoritarianism, this study aims to address the journalists’ lived experiences of surveillance and its impacts on their professional and personal lives in Pakistan. To accomplish these aims, this study uses the qualitative methods of document review and in-depth interviews, and offers a thematic analysis of the gathered data.

摘要

全世界的记者越来越有受到国家和非国家反对者监视的风险。但是，在受监视的环境中安全地工作对于记者来说是一项巨大的挑战。在这样的政权下，记者和媒体组织往往容易受到国家当局的袭击。无论是真实的还是暗含的监视，新闻工作者都强烈感受到了国家泛光灯力量的存在，特别是在像巴基斯坦这样的竞争性威权国家中。尽管监测媒体自由和新闻工作者受到保护的国际组织经常强调巴基斯坦新闻工作者受到越来越多的监视，但必须调查他们在现实生活中的经历及其对他们的影响。因此，通过全景主义，后全景主义和竞争性威权主义，本研究旨在解决记者的监视生活经历及其对巴基斯坦职业和个人生活的影响。为了实现这些目标，本研究使用了文档审阅和深度访谈的定性方法，并对收集到的数据进行了主题分析。