One of the most pronounced effects of climate change on the world’s oceans is the (generally) poleward movement of species and fishery stocks in response to increasing water temperatures. In some regions, such redistributions are already causing dramatic shifts in marine socioecological systems, profoundly altering ecosystem structure and function, challenging domestic and international fisheries, and impacting on human communities. Such effects are expected to become increasingly widespread as waters continue to warm and species ranges continue to shift. Actions taken over the coming decade (2021–2030) can help us adapt to species redistributions and minimise negative impacts on ecosystems and human communities, achieving a more sustainable future in the face of ecosystem change. We describe key drivers related to climate-driven species redistributions that are likely to have a high impact and influence on whether a sustainable future is achievable by 2030. We posit two different futures—a ‘business as usual’ future and a technically achievable and more sustainable future, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals. We then identify concrete actions that provide a pathway towards the more sustainable 2030 and that acknowledge and include Indigenous perspectives. Achieving this sustainable future will depend on improved monitoring and detection, and on adaptive, cooperative management to proactively respond to the challenge of species redistribution. We synthesise examples of such actions as the basis of a strategic approach to tackle this global-scale challenge for the benefit of humanity and ecosystems.

气候变化对世界海洋最显着的影响之一是物种和渔业种群因水温升高而向极地移动。在一些地区，这种重新分配已经导致海洋社会生态系统发生巨大变化，深刻改变生态系统结构和功能，给国内和国际渔业带来挑战，并对人类社区产生影响。随着水域持续变暖和物种范围不断变化，预计这种影响将变得越来越普遍。未来十年（2021-2030）采取的行动可以帮助我们适应物种重新分布，尽量减少对生态系统和人类社区的负面影响，在面对生态系统变化时实现更可持续的未来。我们描述了与气候驱动的物种重新分布相关的关键驱动因素，这些驱动因素可能对到 2030 年能否实现可持续的未来产生重大影响。我们假设了两种不同的未来——“一切照旧”的未来和技术上可实现的未来以及更多可持续的未来，与可持续发展目标保持一致。然后，我们确定具体行动，为实现更可持续的 2030 年提供一条道路，并承认和包容原住民的观点。实现这一可持续的未来将取决于改进的监测和检测，以及适应性的合作管理，以主动应对物种重新分布的挑战。我们综合了此类行动的例子，作为应对这一全球性挑战的战略方法的基础，以造福人类和生态系统。