With gradual decline of global finfish resources, fisheries targeting cephalopods expanded. Yet, the stock assessment and management practice are frequently lacking, and existing ones often remain poorly suited for cephalopod unique life-history. In light of increasing ecological disturbances in marine ecosystems worldwide, assessing exploited species’ status and response becomes vital for devising effective strategies that would ensure their sustainable management. There is generally scarce understanding of the way fisheries and other environmental stressors exert their combined effects on cephalopods stock dynamic and long-term resilience. To that end, evolutionary-based population studies that inform on identity, connectivity and adaptive potential of natural populations present a unique opportunity for assessing the viability of exploited cephalopod stocks. Such studies have been revolutionized in the last decade by proliferation of next generation sequencing technologies. They offer new avenues for expanding our knowledge, especially on population structure and the evolutionary responses to shifts in environmental pressures. In this paper we elaborate on how deep genomic insights into demographic and evolutionary status of fished cephalopods could improve their stock assessment and management practice. We also propose that the common octopus Octopus vulgaris would be a suitable model species to test the power of evolutionary tools to inform fishery scientists and managers on biological questions relevant for their sustainable exploitation.

随着全球有鳍鱼类资源的逐渐减少，针对头足类的渔业扩大了。然而，经常缺乏种群评估和管理实践，而现有的评估和管理实践通常仍然不适合头足类独特的生活史。鉴于全世界海洋生态系统中日益严重的生态干扰，评估被开发物种的状况和应对措施对于制定确保其可持续管理的有效策略至关重要。人们通常对渔业和其他环境压力因素对头足类动物种群动态和长期复原力发挥综合作用的方式缺乏了解。为此，基于进化的人口研究可提供有关身份，自然种群的连通性和适应性潜力为评估已开发的头足类种群的生存能力提供了独特的机会。在过去的十年中，此类研究因下一代测序技术的激增而发生了革命性变化。它们为扩展我们的知识提供了新途径，尤其是关于人口结构以及对环境压力变化的进化反应的知识。在本文中，我们详细阐述了对鱼类头足类种群的人口统计和进化状况的深入基因组见解如何能够改善其种群评估和管理实践。我们还建议普通章鱼 特别是在人口结构以及对环境压力变化的进化反应方面。在本文中，我们详细阐述了对鱼类头足类的人口统计和进化状况的深入基因组见解如何改善其种群评估和管理实践。我们还建议普通章鱼 特别是在人口结构以及对环境压力变化的进化反应方面。在本文中，我们详细阐述了对鱼类头足类的人口统计和进化状况的深入基因组见解如何改善其种群评估和管理实践。我们还建议普通章鱼普通章鱼将是一个合适的典范物种，可以测试进化工具的能力，从而将有关其可持续利用的生物学问题告知渔业科学家和管理人员。