ABSTRACT

Rose is one of the most important ornamental crops of the family Rosaceae. It is a complex crop having a patchy genome with different ploidies (2× to 10×), majorly tetraploid. With advancements in technologies, Rosa species are also being explored to understand the genetic, genomics, and molecular mechanisms behind variations of the traits. Whole-genome sequence information for the two Rosa spp. viz R. chinensis and R multiflora are available in three different studies. High-density SNP chip (68 K) further complements the molecular studies in Rose. A number of genes/QTLs have been identified and well-characterised for important traits using high-density genetic maps. Apart from genetics, epigenetics including DNA methylations and microRNAs are also being explored and found to be associated with diverse phenotypes. Despite substantial molecular tools and information, rose is still bred through conventional methods, perhaps due to its complex genome and ploidy. Thus in this review, an attempt has been made to compile all the existing molecular, genetics and genomics facts in rose and its possible utilisation in rose improvement programmes. We also discussed the forth coming prospects that can be found very potential for rose breeding.

摘要

玫瑰是蔷薇科最重要的观赏作物之一。它是一种复杂的作物，具有不同倍性（2 倍至 10 倍）的不完整基因组，主要是四倍体。随着技术的进步，人们也在探索蔷薇属植物，以了解这些性状变异背后的遗传、基因组学和分子机制。两个蔷薇属的全基因组序列信息。即R. chinensis和R multiflora可用于三个不同的研究。高密度 SNP 芯片 (68 K) 进一步补充了 Rose 中的分子研究。已使用高密度遗传图谱鉴定并充分表征了许多基因/QTL 的重要性状。除了遗传学外，包括 DNA 甲基化和 microRNA 在内的表观遗传学也正在探索中，发现与多种表型相关。尽管有大量的分子工具和信息，但玫瑰仍然通过传统方法培育，这可能是由于其复杂的基因组和倍性。因此，在这篇综述中，我们试图汇编玫瑰中所有现有的分子、遗传学和基因组学事实及其在玫瑰改良计划中的可能应用。我们还讨论了玫瑰育种潜力巨大的未来前景。