There has been an increasing global demand for large bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) to supply the food-fish market. Current bluegill diets resemble those for largemouth bass and contain a high percentage of marine fish meal (FM). Research into the use of alternative protein ingredients for bluegill diets need to be conducted to not only conserve finite marine resources, but to reduce cost and expand the supply of bluegill to the global market. We evaluated growth, survival and body composition of bluegill fed diets in which FM was partially or totally replaced by various combinations of soybean meal, poultry by-product meal, canola meal, soy protein concentrate, wheat gluten or a commercial protein blend (Pro-Cisionâ„¢). Seven isonitrogenous (40% protein), isolipidic (11%) and isocaloric (17.1 kJ/g) diets were formulated to meet the known nutrient and energy requirements of largemouth bass and bluegill using centrarchid nutrient availability data for most of the dietary ingredients. One of the test diets consisted exclusively of plant protein sources. Juvenile bluegill (9.1 g initial weight) were reared in a recirculating aquaculture system (3 tanks/diet; 20 fish/tank) and fed the test diets once daily to satiation for 70-day. The test diets in which various percentages of SBM, PBM and/or a commercial protein-blended product (Pro-Cision) which completely replaced FM resulted in similar growth performance, feed efficiency and body composition of juvenile bluegill compared to fish fed diets containing 30% FM. However, as formulated, the all-plant diet resulted in reduced growth. Mean diet performance rankings based on response measures along with differences in essential nutrient and energy levels (i.e. amino acids, P and starch) provided some insight into subtle differences in performance among diets. It appears that bluegill can be fed fish meal-free diets without reduced production (growth) if animal-source protein ingredients (PBM or Pro-Cision) are added; however, as formulated in this feeding trial, an all-plant diet resulted in reduced growth. Further study on formulating all-plant diets for bluegill is warranted.

中文翻译：

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幼蓝鳃鱼 (Lepomis macrochirus) 可以饲喂不含海鱼粉的日粮，而不会对生长、存活、日粮利用和身体成分产生不利影响

全球对大型蓝鳃鱼（Lepomis macrochirus ）的需求不断增加) 供应食用鱼市场。目前的蓝鳃鱼饮食类似于大口黑鲈的饮食，并且含有高比例的海水鱼粉 (FM)。需要对蓝鳃鱼饮食中替代蛋白质成分的使用进行研究，不仅要保护有限的海洋资源，还要降低成本并扩大蓝鳃鱼对全球市场的供应。我们评估了蓝鳃鱼饲料的生长、存活和身体成分，其中 FM 部分或全部被豆粕、家禽副产品粕、双低菜粕、大豆浓缩蛋白、小麦面筋或商业蛋白质混合物的各种组合（Pro- Cision™)。七种异氮（40% 蛋白质）、异脂（11%）和等热量（17. 1 kJ/g) 的日粮被配制以满足大口黑鲈和蓝鳃鱼已知的营养和能量需求，使用大多数日粮成分的 centrarchid 营养可用性数据。其中一种测试饮食完全由植物蛋白来源组成。幼鱼（9.1 克初始体重）在循环水产养殖系统（3 个鱼缸/日粮；20 条鱼/鱼缸）中饲养，每天饲喂一次试验日粮至饱足 70 天。与含有 30 种蛋白质的鱼饲料相比，不同百分比的 SBM、PBM 和/或完全替代 FM 的商业蛋白质混合产品 (Pro-Cision) 的试验饲料导致幼鱼的生长性能、饲料效率和身体成分相似% 调频。然而，按照配方，全植物饮食导致生长减少。基于反应措施的平均饮食表现排名以及必需营养素和能量水平（即氨基酸、P 和淀粉）的差异提供了对饮食之间表现的细微差异的一些见解。如果添加动物源蛋白成分（PBM 或 Pro-Cision），蓝鳃鱼似乎可以在不降低产量（生长）的情况下饲喂不含鱼粉的饲料；然而，正如本次饲养试验中所制定的，全植物饮食会导致生长下降。有必要进一步研究为蓝鳃鱼制定全植物饮食。如果添加动物源蛋白成分（PBM 或 Pro-Cision），蓝鳃鱼似乎可以在不降低产量（生长）的情况下饲喂不含鱼粉的饲料；然而，正如本次饲养试验中所制定的，全植物饮食会导致生长速度下降。有必要进一步研究为蓝鳃鱼制定全植物饮食。如果添加动物源蛋白成分（PBM 或 Pro-Cision），蓝鳃鱼似乎可以在不降低产量（生长）的情况下饲喂不含鱼粉的饲料；然而，正如本次饲养试验中所制定的，全植物饮食会导致生长下降。有必要进一步研究为蓝鳃鱼制定全植物饮食。