Biological control by means of microorganisms represents an important aspect of sustainable agriculture and food production for organic crops. In this randomized block experimental study, conducted on the island of Ustica, Sicily (Southern Italy), three commercial products containing antagonist micro-organisms, i.e. Cilus Plus (Bacillus velezensis), Micostat F (Glomus spp., Trichoderma spp, Streptomyces spp. Bacillus subtilis, and Pichia pastoris) and Mycostop (Streptomyces griseoviridis), were evaluated for the control of Fusarium wilt of lentil, over a 2-year period (2013–2015) in two separate fields. In the first year, at early bloom lentil stage, Mycostop in field A and Cilus Plus in field B significantly reduced F. oxysporum inoculum density by 44.0% and 37.5%, respectively. In the second year, at the same growth stage, Mycostop was most effective in reducing inoculum density of F. oxysporum (58.4% and 51.4% in field A and B, respectively). In the first year, at full bloom lentil stage, Micostat F significantly outperformed all other treatments in terms of incidence of disease, with an average reduction of 41.7% and 28.3% in field A and B, respectively. In the second year, Mycostop was most effective with a mean reduction of 44.4% and 50.0% in field A and B, respectively. As far as lentil grain yield is concerned, in the first year it was significantly increased following Micostat F treatments in field A, with an average rate of 37.5%, whereas Mycostop and Cilus Plus treatments, in field B, both produced average increases of only 13.0%. Lentil grain yield was also significantly greater in the second year after treatment with Micostop and Micostat F in field A, both with an average increase of 58.7%, and after Cilus Plus, in field B (mean 66.7%). These results support the effectiveness of all three commercial formulations to control Fusarium wilt of lentil, albeit with varying susceptibility of the pathogen to individual antagonists. In particular, F. oxysporum showed greater susceptibility to Mycostop and Micostat F in reducing both inoculum density and incidence of disease, while Cilus Plus was less efficient in reducing the same parameters. In conclusion, our data suggest that these commercial formulations may improve Fusarium wilt management as well as increase lentil yields.

通过微生物进行生物控制代表了可持续农业和有机作物粮食生产的重要方面。在西西里岛乌斯蒂卡岛（意大利南部）进行的这项随机分组实验研究中，三种含有拮抗微生物的商品，即Cilus Plus（Bacillus velezensis），Micostat F（Glomus spp。，Trichoderma spp，Streptomyces spp。枯草芽孢杆菌和巴斯德毕赤酵母）和Mycostop（链霉菌griseoviridis），在两个单独的领域（两年至2013年至2015年）中，对扁豆枯萎病的控制进行了评估。在第一年，在初花期扁豆阶段，Mycostop场A和Cilus加场B显著减少˚F。猪孢的接种密度分别为44.0％和37.5％。第二年，在相同的生长阶段，Mycostop最有效地降低了F的接种密度。羟孢菌（A和B字段分别为58.4％和51.4％）。第一年，在小扁豆盛开期，Micostat F在疾病发生率方面显着优于所有其他治疗方法，A区和B区分别平均减少41.7％和28.3％。在第二年，Mycostop最有效，A字段和B字段的平均减少分别为44.4％和50.0％。就小扁豆谷物产量而言，第一年在田间A进行了Micostat F处理后，平均产量显着提高，平均率为37.5％，而在田间B，Mycostop和Cilus Plus处理均使平均产量仅增加了25％。 13.0％。在田间A中用Micostop和Micostat F处理后的第二年，扁豆的谷物产量也显着提高，平均增幅为58.7％，在使用Cilus Plus后，在栏位B中（平均66.7％）。这些结果支持了所有三种商业制剂控制扁豆枯萎病的有效性，尽管病原体对各个拮抗剂的敏感性不同。尤其是，˚F。在降低接种密度和疾病发生率方面，oxysporum对Mycostop和Micostat F表现出更大的敏感性，而Cilus Plus在降低相同参数方面效率较低。总之，我们的数据表明，这些商业制剂可以改善枯萎病的防治，并提高小扁豆的产量。