Quantum dots (QDs) is one of the very important zero dimensional nanostructure which are known as the semiconductor nanocrystals. These nanostructures are of great interest due to their unique optical properties such as high absorption amplitude, strong fluorescence and high resistance to photobleaching. Therefore, quantum dots are widely used as a fluorescence indicator in vitro and in vivo in the field of bioimaging. In addition, quantum dots are widely used in the preparation of multifunctional thranostic nanomaterials. Although organic dye and quantum dots synthesized with heavy metals has been used for cell imaging in recent years, but the production of quantum dots from two-dimensional nanostructures due to having unique properties such as more stable fluorescence, less toxicity and more eco-friendly has recently received more attention. Graphene oxide, molybdenum disulfide, and black phosphorus are the most popular two-dimensional layered nanostructures used to synthesize quantum dots. These quantum dots are used to imaging different types of cancers. Recently, they have also been used in techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) for normal cell imaging. In this review the synthesis methods as well as surface modifications of QDs derived from two dimensional nanostructures are discussed. Furthermore the newest applications of these QDs in the field of cancer cellular imaging are reviewed.

量子点（QD）是非常重要的零维纳米结构之一，被称为半导体纳米晶体。这些纳米结构因其独特的光学特性（例如高吸收幅度，强荧光和高抗光漂白性）而备受关注。因此，量子点在生物成像领域中被广泛用作体外和体内的荧光指示剂。另外，量子点被广泛用于多功能纳米管材料的制备中。尽管近年来，由重金属合成的有机染料和量子点已用于细胞成像，但是由于具有独特的特性（例如，更稳定的荧光，更少的毒性和更环保的特性），由二维纳米结构生产量子点已成为主流。最近受到更多关注。氧化石墨烯，二硫化钼和黑磷是用于合成量子点的最流行的二维分层纳米结构。这些量子点用于对不同类型的癌症进行成像。最近，它们还被用于正常细胞成像的技术中，例如磁共振成像（MRI）和计算机断层扫描（CT）。在这篇综述中，讨论了从二维纳米结构衍生的量子点的合成方法和表面修饰。此外，综述了这些量子点在癌细胞成像领域的最新应用。它们还被用于磁共振成像（MRI）和计算机断层扫描（CT）等技术中，用于正常细胞成像。在这篇综述中，讨论了从二维纳米结构衍生的量子点的合成方法和表面修饰。此外，综述了这些量子点在癌细胞成像领域的最新应用。它们还被用于磁共振成像（MRI）和计算机断层扫描（CT）等技术中，用于正常细胞成像。在这篇综述中，讨论了从二维纳米结构衍生的量子点的合成方法和表面修饰。此外，综述了这些量子点在癌细胞成像领域的最新应用。