This work reviews the state of the art of the main soot modeling approaches used in turbulent diffusion flames. Accordingly, after a short introduction about the subject addressed here, the main soot formation mechanisms are described next. This description provides the basis for the discussions about the different soot modeling techniques employed nowadays for soot predictions. Since combustion and radiation models have a significant impact on soot predictions, as a consequence of the strong coupling between chemistry, turbulence and soot formation, a general overview about these models is also provided. For the sake of clarity, the main soot formation models reviewed in this work are classified as semiempirical soot precursor models and detailed ones. Both advantages and disadvantages of the referred soot modeling approaches are properly discussed. In the last part of this review, comparative results obtained using some of the main soot models currently available are presented along with a discussion about the prospects for soot modeling in turbulent flames. Finally, some conclusions and references are provided. Overall, based on the literature reviewed, it is concluded that there is yet a long path to be followed before understanding first and having then a soot model able to properly describe the formation of this critical pollutant for a variety of situations of industrial interest.

这项工作回顾了湍流扩散火焰中使用的主要烟灰建模方法的技术水平。因此，在简短介绍此处讨论的主题之后，接下来将描述主要的烟灰形成机理。该描述为关于当今用于烟灰预测的不同烟灰建模技术的讨论提供了基础。由于化学模型，湍流和烟灰形成之间的强耦合，燃烧和辐射模型对烟灰预测有重大影响，因此也提供了关于这些模型的一般概述。为了清楚起见，本文中回顾的主要烟灰形成模型分为半经验性烟灰前体模型和详细模型。正确讨论了所提到的烟尘建模方法的优点和缺点。在这篇综述的最后一部分中，将介绍使用当前可用的一些主要烟灰模型获得的比较结果，并讨论湍流火焰中烟灰建模的前景。最后，提供了一些结论和参考。总体而言，根据所审查的文献得出的结论是，在首先了解并建立一个烟灰模型以适应各种工业利益情况下能够正确描述这种关键污染物的形成之前，还有很长的路要走。介绍了使用当前可用的一些主要烟灰模型获得的比较结果，并讨论了在湍流火焰中烟灰建模的前景。最后，提供了一些结论和参考。总体而言，根据所审查的文献得出的结论是，在首先了解并建立一个烟灰模型以适应各种工业利益情况下能够正确描述这种关键污染物的形成之前，还有很长的路要走。介绍了使用当前可用的一些主要烟灰模型获得的比较结果，并讨论了在湍流火焰中烟灰建模的前景。最后，提供了一些结论和参考。总体而言，根据所审查的文献得出的结论是，在首先了解并建立一个烟灰模型以适应各种工业利益情况下能够正确描述这种关键污染物的形成之前，还有很长的路要走。