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Preventive interventions for individuals at ultra high risk for psychosis: An updated and extended meta-analysis
Clinical Psychology Review ( IF 13.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102005
Cristina Mei 1 , Mark van der Gaag 2 , Barnaby Nelson 1 , Filip Smit 3 , Hok Pan Yuen 1 , Maximus Berger 1 , Marija Krcmar 1 , Paul French 4 , G Paul Amminger 1 , Andreas Bechdolf 5 , Pim Cuijpers 6 , Alison R Yung 7 , Patrick D McGorry 1
Affiliation  

Intervention at the earliest illness stage, in ultra or clinical high-risk individuals, or indicated prevention, currently represents the most promising strategy to ameliorate, delay or prevent psychosis. We review the current state of evidence and conduct a broad-spectrum meta-analysis of various outcomes: transition to psychosis, attenuated positive and negative psychotic symptoms, mania, depression, anxiety, general psychopathology, symptom-related distress, functioning, quality of life, and treatment acceptability. 26 randomized controlled trials were included. Meta-analytically pooled interventions reduced transition rate (risk ratio [RR] = 0.57, 95%CI 0.41–0.81) and attenuated positive psychotic symptoms at 12-months (standardized mean difference = −0.15, 95%CI = -0.28–-0.01). When stratified by intervention type (pharmacological, psychological), only the pooled effect of psychological interventions on transition rate was significant. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was associated with a reduction in incidence at 12-months (RR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.33–0.82) and 18–48-months (RR = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.42–0.84), but not 6-months. Findings at 12-months and 18–48-months were robust in sensitivity and subgroup analyses. All other outcomes were non-significant. To date, effects of trialed treatments are specific to transition and, a lesser extent, attenuated positive symptoms, highlighting the future need to target other symptom domains and functional outcomes. Sound evidence supports CBT in reducing transition and the value of intervening at this illness stage.

Study registration

Research Registry ID: reviewregistry907.



中文翻译:

对精神病超高风险个体的预防干预:更新和扩展的荟萃分析

在疾病的早期阶段,对超高风险或临床高风险个体进行干预,或有针对性的预防,目前代表了最有希望改善、延迟或预防精神病的策略。我们回顾了当前的证据状态并对各种结果进行了广泛的荟萃分析:过渡到精神病、减弱的阳性和阴性精神病症状、躁狂症、抑郁症、焦虑症、一般精神病理学、症状相关的痛苦、功能、生活质量和治疗的可接受性。纳入26项随机对照试验。荟萃分析汇总的干预措施降低了转变率(风险比 [RR] = 0.57,95%CI 0.41–0.81)并在 12 个月时减轻了阳性精神病症状(标准化平均差 = -0.15,95%CI = -0.28–-0.01 )。当按干预类型(药理学、心理),只有心理干预对转变率的综合影响是显着的。认知行为疗法 (CBT) 与 12 个月 (RR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.33–0.82) 和 18–48 个月 (RR = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.42–0.84) 的发病率降低有关,但不是6个月。12 个月和 18-48 个月的结果在敏感性和亚组分析中是稳健的。所有其他结果都不显着。迄今为止,试验治疗的效果特定于过渡,并在较小程度上减弱了阳性症状,突出了未来需要针对其他症状领域和功能结果。可靠的证据支持 CBT 减少过渡和在这个疾病阶段进行干预的价值。认知行为疗法 (CBT) 与 12 个月 (RR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.33–0.82) 和 18–48 个月 (RR = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.42–0.84) 的发病率降低有关,但不是6个月。12 个月和 18-48 个月的结果在敏感性和亚组分析中是稳健的。所有其他结果均不显着。迄今为止,试验治疗的效果特定于过渡,并在较小程度上减弱了阳性症状,突出了未来需要针对其他症状领域和功能结果。可靠的证据支持 CBT 减少过渡和在这个疾病阶段进行干预的价值。认知行为疗法 (CBT) 与 12 个月 (RR = 0.52, 95%CI = 0.33–0.82) 和 18–48 个月 (RR = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.42–0.84) 的发病率降低有关,但不是6个月。12 个月和 18-48 个月的结果在敏感性和亚组分析中是稳健的。所有其他结果均不显着。迄今为止,试验治疗的效果特定于过渡,并在较小程度上减弱了阳性症状,突出了未来需要针对其他症状领域和功能结果。可靠的证据支持 CBT 减少过渡和在这个疾病阶段进行干预的价值。12 个月和 18-48 个月的结果在敏感性和亚组分析中是稳健的。所有其他结果均不显着。迄今为止,试验治疗的效果特定于过渡,并在较小程度上减弱了阳性症状,突出了未来需要针对其他症状领域和功能结果。可靠的证据支持 CBT 减少过渡和在这个疾病阶段进行干预的价值。12 个月和 18-48 个月的结果在敏感性和亚组分析中是稳健的。所有其他结果均不显着。迄今为止,试验治疗的效果特定于过渡,并在较小程度上减弱了阳性症状,突出了未来需要针对其他症状领域和功能结果。可靠的证据支持 CBT 减少过渡和在这个疾病阶段进行干预的价值。

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研究注册 ID:reviewregistry907。

更新日期:2021-03-27
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