Research into cognitive functions across psychological disorders suggests that cognitive deficiencies may be present across multiple disorders, potentially pointing to a transdiagnostic phenomenon. More recently, a single dimension model of psychopathology, the p factor, has been proposed, in which cognitive deficits are thought to be an intrinsic construct, assumed to be transdiagnostic. However, no systematic investigation to date tested this hypothesis. The aim of the present study was to systematically review meta-analyses to assess the hypothesis that the C factor (cognitive dysfunction) is transdiagnostic in psychopathology and review potential moderators that may account for such a phenomenon. We conducted a systematic review of meta-analyses examining cognitive function across all disorders for which data were available. Included meta-analyses (n = 82), comprising 97 clinical samples, yielded 1,055 effect sizes. Twelve major disorders/categories (e.g., bipolar disorder, substance use disorders) were included, comprising 29 distinct clinical entities (e.g., euthymic bipolar disorder; alcohol use disorder). Results show that all disorders reviewed are associated with underperformance across cognitive domains, supporting the hypothesis that the C factor (or cognitive dysfunction) is a transdiagnostic factor related to p. To examine moderators that may explain or contribute to c, we first consider important interpretative limitations of neuropsychological data in psychopathology. More crucially, we review oft-neglected motivational and emotional transdiagnostic constructs of p, as prominent contributing constructs to the C factor. These constructs are offered as a roadmap for future research examining these constructs related to p, that contribute, and may account for cognitive dysfunctions in psychopathology.

对跨心理障碍的认知功能的研究表明，认知缺陷可能存在于多种障碍中，这可能表明存在跨诊断现象。最近，已经提出了精神病理学的单一维度模型，即 p 因子，其中认知缺陷被认为是一种内在结构，假设是跨诊断的。然而，迄今为止，还没有系统的调查测试过这一假设。本研究的目的是系统地回顾荟萃分析，以评估 C 因子（认知功能障碍）在精神病理学中具有跨诊断性的假设，并回顾可能解释这种现象的潜在调节因素。我们对荟萃分析进行了系统评价，这些荟萃分析检查了所有有数据可用的疾病的认知功能。n = 82)，包括 97 个临床样本，产生了 1,055 个效应量。包括 12 种主要障碍/类别（例如，双相障碍、物质使用障碍），包括 29 个不同的临床实体（例如，心境正常的双相障碍；酒精使用障碍）。结果表明，所有审查的障碍都与跨认知领域的表现不佳有关，支持了 C 因素（或认知功能障碍）是与 p 相关的跨诊断因素的假设。为了检查可能解释或促成 c 的调节器，我们首先考虑精神病理学中神经心理学数据的重要解释限制。更重要的是，我们回顾了经常被忽视的 p 的动机和情感跨诊断结构，作为 C 因素的重要贡献结构。