The paper presents a compact multiport antenna, with beamforming capabilities and a realized gain of 4.31 dBi with the size of λ/2. The antenna allows digital beamforming with independent control over three parameters: main-beam direction, beamwidth, and null-depth. Those parameters can be dynamically adjusted within a continuous range, create multiple beams for different frequency channels, and simultaneously generate multiple digital patterns. Due to digital beamforming capabilities, the proposed antenna offers much greater flexibility over switch-based analogue beamforming of Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator (ESPAR) antennas. The reconfiguration properties are achieved by using superposition of three dipole-like radiation patterns, where each radiator generates different spherical mode, i.e. with different angular phase distribution in the horizontal plane. This allows beamsteering with compact size, while the use of different modes ensures low Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) from 10⁻⁴ to 3.2 × 10⁻⁵ for the operating frequency of 2.4 GHz. The proposed technique allows for significantly greater pattern reconfiguration than any reconfigurable antenna or array of comparable size and is a perfect candidate for Software Defined Radios.

本文提出了一种紧凑的多端口天线，它具有波束成形能力，并且在λ/ 2大小的情况下实现了4.31 dBi的增益。该天线允许对三个参数进行独立控制的数字波束成形：主波束方向，波束宽度和零点深度。可以在连续范围内动态调整这些参数，为不同的频道创建多个波束，并同时生成多个数字码型。由于具有数字波束成形功能，与电子可控寄生阵列辐射器（ESPAR）天线的基于开关的模拟波束成形相比，拟议的天线具有更大的灵活性。通过使用三个类似偶极子的辐射图的叠加来实现重新配置属性，其中每个辐射器生成不同的球形模式，即 在水平面中具有不同的角相位分布。这使得波束转向具有紧凑的尺寸，同时使用不同的模式可确保从10到10的较低的包络相关系数（ECC）对于2.4 GHz的工作频率，为^-4至3.2×10 ^-5。与任何可比较大小的可重构天线或阵列相比，所提出的技术可以实现更大的方向图重构，并且是软件定义无线电的理想候选者。