Flame-retardant coatings are crucial for intelligent systems operating in high-temperature (300–800°C) scenarios, which typically involve multi-joint discrete or continuous kinematic systems. These multi-segment motion generation systems call for conformable yet resilient skin for dexterous work, including firefighting, packaging inflammable substances, encapsulating energy storage devices, and preventing from burning. In fire scenes, a flame-retardant soft robot shall protect integrated electronic components safely and work for navigation and surveillance effectively. Here, we establish fire-resistant robotic mechanisms with montmorillonite (MMT)-biocompatible hydrogel skin, offering effective flame retardancy (∼78°C surface temperature after 3 min in fire) and high post-fire stretchability (∼360% uniaxial tensile strain). Fatigue test results in the MMT-hydrogel polymer matrix to portray a change in post-fire energy consumption of ∼21% (between the first cycle and the 200th cycle), further indicating robustness. MMT-hydrogel synthetic skin medium is then applied to everyday household items and electronics, offering appealing protections in fire scenes (≤10% capacitance loss after 3 min and ≤14% diode light-intensity loss after 1 min in fire). We deploy shape memory alloy (SMA) actuated inchworm-, starfish-, and snail-like locomotion (average velocity ∼12 mm·min⁻¹) for translating inside fire applications. With the stretchable and flame-retardant translucent barriers, the MMT-hydrogel skinned soft robots demonstrate stable compression/relaxation cycles (25 cycles) within flames (4 min 10 s) while protecting the electronic components inside in fire scene. We solve the agility vs. endurance conundrum in this article with SMA actuation independently via Joule heating without a cross-talk from the surrounding high-temperature arena.

中文翻译：

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具有水凝胶-蒙脱石基半透明基质的用于软机器人的高度可拉伸阻燃皮肤

阻燃涂层对于在高温（300–800°C）环境下运行的智能系统至关重要，这通常涉及多关节离散或连续运动系统。这些多段运动生成系统需要舒适而有弹性的皮肤来进行灵巧的工作，包括消防、包装易燃物质、封装储能设备和防止燃烧。在火灾现场，阻燃软体机器人应安全保护集成电子元件，有效地进行导航和监视工作。在这里，我们建立了具有蒙脱石 (MMT) 生物相容性水凝胶皮肤的耐火机器人机制，提供有效的阻燃性（在火中 3 分钟后表面温度约为 78°C）和高火后拉伸性（～360% 单轴拉伸应变） . MMT-水凝胶聚合物基质中的疲劳测试结果表明火灾后能量消耗的变化约为 21%（在第一个循环和第 200 个循环之间），进一步表明了稳定性。然后将 MMT-水凝胶合成皮肤介质应用于日常家居用品和电子产品，在火灾场景中提供有吸引力的保护（在火灾中 3 分钟后电容损失≤10%，在火灾中 1 分钟后二极管光强度损失≤14%）。我们部署了形状记忆合金 (SMA) 驱动的尺蠖、海星和蜗牛状运动（平均速度 ∼12 mm·min 在火灾场景中提供有吸引力的保护（在火灾中 3 分钟后电容损失≤10%，在火灾中 1 分钟后二极管光强度损失≤14%）。我们部署了形状记忆合金 (SMA) 驱动的尺蠖、海星和蜗牛状运动（平均速度 ∼12 mm·min 在火灾场景中提供有吸引力的保护（在火灾中 3 分钟后电容损失≤10%，在火灾中 1 分钟后二极管光强度损失≤14%）。我们部署了形状记忆合金 (SMA) 驱动的尺蠖、海星和蜗牛状运动（平均速度 ∼12 mm·min⁻¹ ) 用于翻译内部火灾应用。凭借可拉伸和阻燃的半透明屏障，MMT-水凝胶皮肤软机器人在火焰（4 分 10 秒）内表现出稳定的压缩/松弛循环（25 个循环），同时在火灾现场保护内部的电子元件。我们通过焦耳加热独立地通过 SMA 驱动解决了本文中的敏捷性与耐力难题，而没有来自周围高温场的串扰。