Residential neighborhoods shape consumers' well-being in many profound ways. However, research has yet to adequately understand how consumers' perceived economic hardship interact with neighborhood's income and diversity to influence well-being. We examine these effects in a diverse and densely populated Asian country of Singapore using four measures of well-being: perceived quality of life, emotional well-being, status consciousness, and consumer needs satisfaction. Results from a national sample of 1,445 respondents showed that consumers that were female rather than male, of immigrant origin rather than native born, representing an ethnic minority background, or had fewer economic challenges reported higher well-being. The relation between economic hardship and consumer well-being was moderated by neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (SES) and diversity, such that more economic hardship predicted lower well-being but only among residents in low SES or heterogeneous neighborhoods. Findings build on social comparison theory, and implications for consumer welfare and marketing practice are provided.

中文翻译：

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经济困难和社区多样性：对消费者福祉的影响

住宅区以许多深刻的方式塑造消费者的福祉。然而，研究尚未充分了解消费者感知到的经济困难如何与社区的收入和多样性相互作用以影响幸福感。我们使用四种幸福感指标来研究新加坡这个多元化且人口稠密的亚洲国家的这些影响：感知生活质量、情感幸福感、地位意识和消费者需求满意度。来自 1,445 名受访者的全国样本的结果显示，女性而非男性、移民而非本地出生、代表少数族裔背景或经济挑战较少的消费者报告的幸福感较高。经济困难与消费者福祉之间的关系受到社区层面社会经济地位（SES）和多样性的调节，因此更多的经济困难预示着更低的幸福感，但仅限于低社会经济地位或异质社区的居民。研究结果建立在社会比较理论的基础上，并提供了对消费者福利和营销实践的影响。